violin Who acts: violin, four strings, violinist, sister, He, You · What happens: be, make, hold, play, pluck, mean · To what, where: musical instrument, chin, part, band, first violin, violin · Speech: someone speaks here
«violin» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: violin in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A violin is a musical instrument made of wood with four strings, which you hold under your chin and play with a bow or by plucking.
The tree, 26 words det nsubj cop det amod acl case obl case nummod obl punct nsubj nsubj acl:relcl case nmod:poss obl cc conj case det obl cc mark conj punct root A DET violin NOUN is AUX a DET musical ADJ instrument NOUN made VERB of ADP wood NOUN with ADP four NUM strings NOUN , PUNCT which PRON you PRON hold VERB under ADP your PRON chin NOUN and CCONJ play VERB with ADP a DET bow NOUN or CCONJ by SCONJ plucking VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 violin det 2 violin violin NOUN Number=Sing 6 instrument nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 instrument cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 instrument det 5 musical musical ADJ Degree=Pos 6 instrument amod 6 instrument instrument NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 instrument acl 8 of of ADP _ 9 wood case 9 wood wood NOUN Number=Sing 7 made obl 10 with with ADP _ 12 strings case 11 four four NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 12 strings nummod 12 strings string NOUN Number=Plur 7 made obl 13 , , PUNCT _ 16 hold punct 14 which which PRON PronType=Rel 16 hold nsubj 15 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 16 hold nsubj 16 hold hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 strings acl:relcl 17 under under ADP _ 19 chin case 18 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 19 chin nmod:poss 19 chin chin NOUN Number=Sing 16 hold obl 20 and and CCONJ _ 21 play cc 21 play play VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 hold conj 22 with with ADP _ 24 bow case 23 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 24 bow det 24 bow bow NOUN Number=Sing 21 play obl 25 or or CCONJ _ 27 plucking cc 26 by by SCONJ _ 27 plucking mark 27 plucking pluck VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 24 bow conj 28 . . PUNCT _ 6 instrument punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a violin a musical instrument tree rules 2 make participle a musical instrument not said here of wood; with four strings vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 3 hold present four strings your chin vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under chin=Location 4 play infinitive four strings not said here with a bow vn play-114.2-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with bow=Theme 5 pluck gerund four strings not said here vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 The violin also means the part a violinist plays in a band or orchestra («She plays first violin»).
The tree, 18 words det nsubj advmod det obj det nsubj acl:relcl case det obl cc conj punct punct nsubj conj amod obj punct punct punct root The DET violin NOUN also ADV means VERB the DET part NOUN a DET violinist NOUN plays VERB in ADP a DET band NOUN or CCONJ orchestra NOUN ( PUNCT « PUNCT She PRON plays VERB first ADJ violin NOUN » PUNCT ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 violin det 2 violin violin NOUN Number=Sing 4 means nsubj 3 also also ADV _ 4 means advmod 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 part det 6 part part NOUN Number=Sing 4 means obj 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 violinist det 8 violinist violinist NOUN Number=Sing 9 plays nsubj 9 plays play VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 part acl:relcl 10 in in ADP _ 12 band case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 band det 12 band band NOUN Number=Sing 9 plays obl 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 orchestra cc 14 orchestra orchestra NOUN Number=Sing 12 band conj 15 ( ( PUNCT _ 18 plays punct 16 « « PUNCT _ 18 plays punct 17 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 18 plays nsubj 18 plays play VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 means conj 19 first first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 20 violin amod 20 violin violin NOUN Number=Sing 18 plays obj 21 » » PUNCT _ 18 plays punct 22 ) ) PUNCT _ 18 plays punct 23 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present the violin the part vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Topic 2 play present a violinist the part not said here a band or orchestra vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Theme 3 play in a quote present violinist first violin vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent violin=Theme
Example 1 My sister plays the violin in the school orchestra.
nmod:poss nsubj det obj case det compound obl punct root My PRON sister NOUN plays VERB the DET violin NOUN in ADP the DET school NOUN orchestra NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 sister nmod:poss 2 sister sister NOUN Number=Sing 3 plays nsubj 3 plays play VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 violin det 5 violin violin NOUN Number=Sing 3 plays obj 6 in in ADP _ 9 orchestra case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 orchestra det 8 school school NOUN Number=Sing 9 orchestra compound 9 orchestra orchestra NOUN Number=Sing 3 plays obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 plays punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 play present My sister the violin the school orchestra vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent violin=Theme
Example 2 He practises the violin for twenty minutes every evening.
nsubj det obj case nummod obl det obl:unmarked punct root He PRON practises VERB the DET violin NOUN for ADP twenty NUM minutes NOUN every DET evening NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 practises nsubj 2 practises practise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 violin det 4 violin violin NOUN Number=Sing 2 practises obj 5 for for ADP _ 7 minutes case 6 twenty twenty NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 minutes nummod 7 minutes minute NOUN Number=Plur 2 practises obl 8 every every DET PronType=Tot 9 evening det 9 evening evening NOUN Number=Sing 2 practises obl:unmarked 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 practises punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 practise present He the violin evening; minute tree rules
Example 3 The violin has four strings.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root The DET violin NOUN has VERB four NUM strings NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 violin det 2 violin violin NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 four four NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 strings nummod 5 strings string NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the violin four strings vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent string=Patient
Example 4 You draw the bow across the strings to make a sound.
nsubj det obj case det obl mark advcl det obj punct root You PRON draw VERB the DET bow NOUN across ADP the DET strings NOUN to PART make VERB a DET sound NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 2 draw nsubj 2 draw draw VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 bow det 4 bow bow NOUN Number=Sing 2 draw obj 5 across across ADP _ 7 strings case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 strings det 7 strings string NOUN Number=Plur 2 draw obl 8 to to PART _ 9 make mark 9 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 draw advcl 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 sound det 11 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 9 make obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 draw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 draw present You the bow the strings vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bow=Theme 2 make to-infinitive You not said here a sound vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product
Example 5 A violin is smaller than a cello.
det nsubj cop case det obl punct root A DET violin NOUN is AUX smaller ADJ than ADP a DET cello NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 violin det 2 violin violin NOUN Number=Sing 4 smaller nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 smaller cop 4 smaller small ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 5 than than ADP _ 7 cello case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 cello det 7 cello cello NOUN Number=Sing 4 smaller obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 smaller punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a violin than a cello; small property tree rules
Example 6 She carried her violin in a black case.
nsubj nmod:poss obj case det amod obl punct root She PRON carried VERB her PRON violin NOUN in ADP a DET black ADJ case NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 carried nsubj 2 carried carry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 violin nmod:poss 4 violin violin NOUN Number=Sing 2 carried obj 5 in in ADP _ 8 case case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 case det 7 black black ADJ Degree=Pos 8 case amod 8 case case NOUN Number=Sing 2 carried obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 carried punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 carry past She her violin a black case vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent violin=Value in case=Location
Example 7 The violin sounded sad and beautiful.
det nsubj xcomp cc conj punct root The DET violin NOUN sounded VERB sad ADJ and CCONJ beautiful ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 violin det 2 violin violin NOUN Number=Sing 3 sounded nsubj 3 sounded sound VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 sad sad ADJ Degree=Pos 3 sounded xcomp 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 beautiful cc 6 beautiful beautiful ADJ Degree=Pos 4 sad conj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 sounded punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sound past the violin sad property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Example 8 When you press a string down, the note gets higher.
mark nsubj advcl det obj compound:prt punct det nsubj xcomp punct root When SCONJ you PRON press VERB a DET string NOUN down ADP , PUNCT the DET note NOUN gets VERB higher ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 When when SCONJ _ 3 press mark 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 press nsubj 3 press press VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 gets advcl 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 string det 5 string string NOUN Number=Sing 3 press obj 6 down down ADP _ 3 press compound:prt 7 , , PUNCT _ 3 press punct 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 note det 9 note note NOUN Number=Sing 10 gets nsubj 10 gets get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 11 higher high ADJ Degree=Cmp 10 gets xcomp 12 . . PUNCT _ 10 gets punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 press down present you a string vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent string=Theme 2 get present the note high property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Example 9 When this was done, she called to a man who was waiting with a violin.
The tree, 15 words advmod nsubj:pass aux:pass advcl punct nsubj case det obl nsubj aux acl:relcl case det obl punct root When ADV this PRON was AUX done VERB , PUNCT she PRON called VERB to ADP a DET man NOUN who PRON was AUX waiting VERB with ADP a DET violin NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 When when ADV PronType=Int 4 done advmod 2 this this PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 4 done nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 done aux:pass 4 done do VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 called advcl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 done punct 6 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 called nsubj 7 called call VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 to to ADP _ 10 man case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 man det 10 man man NOUN Number=Sing 7 called obl 11 who who PRON PronType=Rel 13 waiting nsubj 12 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 13 waiting aux 13 waiting wait VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 10 man acl:relcl 14 with with ADP _ 16 violin case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 violin det 16 violin violin NOUN Number=Sing 13 waiting obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 7 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do past · passive this vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality 2 call past she a man vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to man=Recipient 3 wait past · progressive a man with a violin vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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