warn Who acts: it, danger, someone, they, sign, ice · What happens: warn, mean, tell, happen, be, avoid · To what, where: someone, them, problem, something, us, me · Speech: someone speaks here
«warn» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: warn in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To warn someone means to tell them about a danger or problem before it happens, so they can be careful or avoid it.
The tree, 23 words mark csubj obj mark xcomp iobj case det obl cc conj mark nsubj advcl punct advmod nsubj aux cop conj cc conj obj punct root To PART warn VERB someone PRON means VERB to PART tell VERB them PRON about ADP a DET danger NOUN or CCONJ problem NOUN before SCONJ it PRON happens VERB , PUNCT so ADV they PRON can AUX be AUX careful ADJ or CCONJ avoid VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 warn mark 2 warn warn VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means csubj 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 warn obj 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 tell mark 6 tell tell VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means xcomp 7 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 tell iobj 8 about about ADP _ 10 danger case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 danger det 10 danger danger NOUN Number=Sing 6 tell obl 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 problem cc 12 problem problem NOUN Number=Sing 10 danger conj 13 before before SCONJ _ 15 happens mark 14 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 happens nsubj 15 happens happen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 tell advcl 16 , , PUNCT _ 21 careful punct 17 so so ADV _ 21 careful advmod 18 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 21 careful nsubj 19 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 21 careful aux 20 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 21 careful cop 21 careful careful ADJ Degree=Pos 4 means conj 22 or or CCONJ _ 23 avoid cc 23 avoid avoid VERB VerbForm=Inf 21 careful conj 24 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 23 avoid obj 25 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 warn speech: warn to-infinitive someone vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent someone=Recipient 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 tell speech: assert not said to happen to-infinitive them = they about a danger or problem vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent they=Recipient about danger=Topic 4 happen present it vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 5 is can danger careful property tree rules 6 avoid infinitive danger not said here problem vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent it=Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To warn someone to do or not to do something means to strongly advise them.
The tree, 15 words mark csubj obj mark xcomp cc advmod mark conj obj mark advmod ccomp obj punct root To PART warn VERB someone PRON to PART do VERB or CCONJ not PART to PART do VERB something PRON means VERB to PART strongly ADV advise VERB them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 warn mark 2 warn warn VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 means csubj 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 warn obj 4 to to PART _ 5 do mark 5 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 warn xcomp 6 or or CCONJ _ 9 do cc 7 not not PART Polarity=Neg 9 do advmod 8 to to PART _ 9 do mark 9 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 warn conj 10 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 9 do obj 11 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 12 to to PART _ 14 advise mark 13 strongly strongly ADV _ 14 advise advmod 14 advise advise VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 means ccomp 15 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 advise obj 16 . . PUNCT _ 11 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 warn speech: warn to-infinitive someone vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP how S_INF»: agent=Agent someone=Recipient clause=Topic 2 do to-infinitive someone not said here vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 not do to-infinitive something vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality 4 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 5 advise speech: other not said to happen to-infinitive them = they strongly property vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient
Meaning 3 To warn can mean to tell someone what will happen if they keep doing something wrong.
The tree, 16 words mark csubj aux mark xcomp obj nsubj aux ccomp mark nsubj advcl xcomp obj amod punct root To PART warn VERB can AUX mean VERB to PART tell VERB someone PRON what PRON will AUX happen VERB if SCONJ they PRON keep VERB doing VERB something PRON wrong ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 warn mark 2 warn warn VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 mean csubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 mean aux 4 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 to to PART _ 6 tell mark 6 tell tell VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 mean xcomp 7 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 tell obj 8 what what PRON PronType=Int 10 happen nsubj 9 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 10 happen aux 10 happen happen VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 tell ccomp 11 if if SCONJ _ 13 keep mark 12 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 keep nsubj 13 keep keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 happen advcl 14 doing do VERB VerbForm=Ger 13 keep xcomp 15 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 14 doing obj 16 wrong wrong ADJ Degree=Pos 15 something amod 17 . . PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 warn speech: warn to-infinitive vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent 2 mean can vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 tell speech: assert not said to happen to-infinitive someone vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP what S»: agent=Agent someone=Recipient clause=Topic 4 happen future vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 5 keep a condition, not said to happen present they tree rules 6 do gerund they not said here something vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality
Example 1 The sign warned us that the ice was thin.
det nsubj obj mark det nsubj cop advcl punct root The DET sign NOUN warned VERB us PRON that SCONJ the DET ice NOUN was AUX thin ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 sign det 2 sign sign NOUN Number=Sing 3 warned nsubj 3 warned warn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 warned obj 5 that that SCONJ _ 9 thin mark 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 ice det 7 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 9 thin nsubj 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 thin cop 9 thin thin ADJ Degree=Pos 3 warned advcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 warned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 warn speech: warn past the sign us vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent we=Recipient 2 is past the ice thin property tree rules
Example 2 Mum warned me not to touch the hot oven.
nsubj iobj advmod mark ccomp det amod obj punct root Mum NOUN warned VERB me PRON not PART to PART touch VERB the DET hot ADJ oven NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 2 warned nsubj 2 warned warn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 warned iobj 4 not not PART Polarity=Neg 6 touch advmod 5 to to PART _ 6 touch mark 6 touch touch VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 warned ccomp 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 oven det 8 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 9 oven amod 9 oven oven NOUN Number=Sing 6 touch obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 warned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 warn speech: warn past Mum me vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP how S_INF»: agent=Agent i=Recipient clause=Topic 2 not touch to-infinitive the hot oven vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme oven=Co-Theme
Example 3 The smoke alarm warns you if there is a fire.
det compound nsubj obj mark expl advcl det nsubj punct root The DET smoke NOUN alarm NOUN warns VERB you PRON if SCONJ there PRON is VERB a DET fire NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 alarm det 2 smoke smoke NOUN Number=Sing 3 alarm compound 3 alarm alarm NOUN Number=Sing 4 warns nsubj 4 warns warn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 warns obj 6 if if SCONJ _ 8 is mark 7 there there PRON PronType=Dem 8 is expl 8 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 warns advcl 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 fire det 10 fire fire NOUN Number=Sing 8 is nsubj 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 warns punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 warn speech: warn present the smoke alarm you vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent you=Recipient 2 be a condition, not said to happen present a fire there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 The teacher gave him a warning for talking.
det nsubj iobj det obj mark acl punct root The DET teacher NOUN gave VERB him PRON a DET warning NOUN for SCONJ talking VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 teacher det 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave nsubj 3 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 gave iobj 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 warning det 6 warning warning NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave obj 7 for for SCONJ _ 8 talking mark 8 talking talk VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 warning acl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past the teacher a warning him = he vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient warning=Theme 2 talk gerund a warning not said here vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 A growling dog is warning you to stay away.
det compound nsubj aux obj mark xcomp advmod punct root A DET growling NOUN dog NOUN is AUX warning VERB you PRON to PART stay VERB away ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 dog det 2 growling growling NOUN Number=Sing 3 dog compound 3 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 5 warning nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 warning aux 5 warning warn VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 6 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 5 warning obj 7 to to PART _ 8 stay mark 8 stay stay VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 warning xcomp 9 away away ADV _ 8 stay advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 warning punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 warn speech: warn present · progressive a growling dog you vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP how S_INF»: agent=Agent you=Recipient clause=Topic 2 stay away to-infinitive a growling dog not said here away property vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 The storm came without warning.
det nsubj case obl punct root The DET storm NOUN came VERB without ADP warning NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 storm det 2 storm storm NOUN Number=Sing 3 came nsubj 3 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 without without ADP _ 5 warning case 5 warning warning NOUN Number=Sing 3 came obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past the storm without warning vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 7 I warned my friend about the broken step.
nsubj nmod:poss obj case det amod nmod punct root I PRON warned VERB my PRON friend NOUN about ADP the DET broken VERB step NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 warned nsubj 2 warned warn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 friend nmod:poss 4 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 2 warned obj 5 about about ADP _ 8 step case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 step det 7 broken break VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 step amod 8 step step NOUN Number=Sing 4 friend nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 warned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 warn speech: warn past I my friend vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP PP.topic»: agent=Agent friend=Recipient about step=Topic 2 break participle vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
Example 8 Read the warning label before using any cleaning spray.
det compound obj mark advcl det compound obj punct root Read VERB the DET warning NOUN label NOUN before SCONJ using VERB any DET cleaning NOUN spray NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Read read VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 label det 3 warning warning NOUN Number=Sing 4 label compound 4 label label NOUN Number=Sing 1 Read obj 5 before before SCONJ _ 6 using mark 6 using use VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 1 Read advcl 7 any any DET PronType=Ind 9 spray det 8 cleaning cleaning NOUN Number=Sing 9 spray compound 9 spray spray NOUN Number=Sing 6 using obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Read punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 read imperative you not said here the warning label vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent label=Topic 2 use gerund you not said here any cleaning spray vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spray=Patient
Example 9 "Don't go to Paris!" the old clergyman warned her.
punct aux advmod case obl punct punct det amod nsubj parataxis obj punct root " PUNCT Do AUX n't PART go VERB to ADP Paris PROPN ! PUNCT " PUNCT the DET old ADJ clergyman NOUN warned VERB her PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 4 go punct 2 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 4 go aux 3 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 4 go advmod 4 go go VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to ADP _ 6 Paris case 6 Paris Paris PROPN Number=Sing 4 go obl 7 ! ! PUNCT _ 4 go punct 8 " " PUNCT _ 4 go punct 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 clergyman det 10 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 11 clergyman amod 11 clergyman clergyman NOUN Number=Sing 12 warned nsubj 12 warned warn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 go parataxis 13 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 warned obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 4 go punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not go in a quote imperative · do-support Paris not said here Paris vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 warn speech: warn past the old clergyman Paris vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent she=Recipient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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