western Who acts: Western, sun, Perth, It, Grandpa, Western Ireland · What happens: mean, describe, be, set, rain, love · To what, where: countries, western film, 1800s, western sky, capital, western side
«western» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: western in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Western means in, from or towards the west: western Canada, a western wind.
The tree, 13 words nsubj advmod punct case cc case det parataxis punct amod nmod punct det amod appos punct root Western ADJ means VERB in ADV , PUNCT from ADP or CCONJ towards ADP the DET west NOUN : PUNCT western ADJ Canada PROPN , PUNCT a DET western ADJ wind NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Western western ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADV _ 2 means advmod 4 , , PUNCT _ 9 west punct 5 from from ADP _ 9 west case 6 or or CCONJ _ 9 west cc 7 towards towards ADP _ 9 west case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 west det 9 west west NOUN Number=Sing 2 means parataxis 10 : : PUNCT _ 12 Canada punct 11 western western ADJ Degree=Pos 12 Canada amod 12 Canada Canada PROPN Number=Sing 9 west nmod 13 , , PUNCT _ 16 wind punct 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 wind det 15 western western ADJ Degree=Pos 16 wind amod 16 wind wind NOUN Number=Sing 12 Canada appos 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Western vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Western (often «Western») describes the countries of Europe and North America and their way of life.
The tree, 16 words nsubj punct advmod punct conj punct punct det obj case nmod cc compound conj cc nmod:poss conj case nmod punct root Western ADJ ( PUNCT often ADV « PUNCT Western ADJ » PUNCT ) PUNCT describes VERB the DET countries NOUN of ADP Europe PROPN and CCONJ North PROPN America PROPN and CCONJ their PRON way NOUN of ADP life NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Western western ADJ Degree=Pos 8 describes nsubj 2 ( ( PUNCT _ 5 Western punct 3 often often ADV _ 5 Western advmod 4 « « PUNCT _ 5 Western punct 5 Western western ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Western conj 6 » » PUNCT _ 5 Western punct 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 5 Western punct 8 describes describe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 countries det 10 countries country NOUN Number=Plur 8 describes obj 11 of of ADP _ 12 Europe case 12 Europe Europe PROPN Number=Sing 10 countries nmod 13 and and CCONJ _ 15 America cc 14 North North PROPN Number=Sing 15 America compound 15 America America PROPN Number=Sing 12 Europe conj 16 and and CCONJ _ 18 way cc 17 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 18 way nmod:poss 18 way way NOUN Number=Sing 12 Europe conj 19 of of ADP _ 20 life case 20 life life NOUN Number=Sing 18 way nmod 21 . . PUNCT _ 8 describes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 describe present Western the countries of Europe and North America and Europe's way of life vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent country=Theme
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
Western culture.
amod punct root Western ADJ culture NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Western western ADJ Degree=Pos 2 culture amod 2 culture culture NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 . . PUNCT _ 2 culture punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Meaning 3 A western is a film or story about cowboys in the American West in the 1800s.
The tree, 16 words det amod cop det cc conj case nmod case det amod nmod case det nmod punct root A DET western ADJ is AUX a DET film NOUN or CCONJ story NOUN about ADP cowboys NOUN in ADP the DET American ADJ West PROPN in ADP the DET 1800s NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 film det 2 western western ADJ Degree=Pos 5 film amod 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 film cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 film det 5 film film NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 story cc 7 story story NOUN Number=Sing 5 film conj 8 about about ADP _ 9 cowboys case 9 cowboys cowboy NOUN Number=Plur 7 story nmod 10 in in ADP _ 13 West case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 West det 12 American American ADJ Degree=Pos 13 West amod 13 West West PROPN Number=Sing 9 cowboys nmod 14 in in ADP _ 16 1800s case 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 1800s det 16 1800s 1800 NOUN Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card 5 film nmod 17 . . PUNCT _ 5 film punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a western film or story about cowboys in the American West the 1800s tree rules
Example 1 The sun sets in the western sky.
det nsubj case det amod obl punct root The DET sun NOUN sets VERB in ADP the DET western ADJ sky NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 sun det 2 sun sun NOUN Number=Sing 3 sets nsubj 3 sets set VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 7 sky case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 sky det 6 western western ADJ Degree=Pos 7 sky amod 7 sky sky NOUN Number=Sing 3 sets obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 sets punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 set present the sun the western sky vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in sky=Destination
Example 2 Perth is the capital of Western Australia.
nsubj cop det case compound nmod punct root Perth NOUN is AUX the DET capital NOUN of ADP Western ADJ Australia PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Perth perth NOUN Number=Sing 4 capital nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 capital cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 capital det 4 capital capital NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 7 Australia case 6 Western Western ADJ Degree=Pos 7 Australia compound 7 Australia Australia PROPN Number=Sing 4 capital nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 capital punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Perth the capital of Western Australia tree rules
Example 3 It rains more on the western side of the mountains.
nsubj advmod case det amod obl case det nmod punct root It PRON rains VERB more ADV on ADP the DET western ADJ side NOUN of ADP the DET mountains NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 rains nsubj 2 rains rain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 more more ADV Degree=Cmp 2 rains advmod 4 on on ADP _ 7 side case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 side det 6 western western ADJ Degree=Pos 7 side amod 7 side side NOUN Number=Sing 2 rains obl 8 of of ADP _ 10 mountains case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 mountains det 10 mountains mountain NOUN Number=Plur 7 side nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 rains punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rain present It the western side of the mountains vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»
Example 4 Grandpa loves watching old westerns with cowboys.
nsubj xcomp amod obj case obl punct root Grandpa PROPN loves VERB watching VERB old ADJ westerns NOUN with ADP cowboys NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandpa Grandpa PROPN Number=Sing 2 loves nsubj 2 loves love VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 watching watch VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 loves xcomp 4 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 5 westerns amod 5 westerns western NOUN Number=Plur 3 watching obj 6 with with ADP _ 7 cowboys case 7 cowboys cowboy NOUN Number=Plur 3 watching obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 loves punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 love present Grandpa vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 2 watch not said to happen gerund Grandpa not said here old westerns with cowboys vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent western=Theme
Example 5 Western Ireland faces the Atlantic Ocean.
amod nsubj det compound obj punct root Western ADJ Ireland PROPN faces VERB the DET Atlantic PROPN Ocean PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Western western ADJ Degree=Pos 2 Ireland amod 2 Ireland Ireland PROPN Number=Sing 3 faces nsubj 3 faces face VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 Ocean det 5 Atlantic Atlantic PROPN Number=Sing 6 Ocean compound 6 Ocean Ocean PROPN Number=Sing 3 faces obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 faces punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 face present Western Ireland the Atlantic Ocean vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent ocean=Destination
Example 6 A western wind blew from the sea.
det amod nsubj case det obl punct root A DET western ADJ wind NOUN blew VERB from ADP the DET sea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 wind det 2 western western ADJ Degree=Pos 3 wind amod 3 wind wind NOUN Number=Sing 4 blew nsubj 4 blew blow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 from from ADP _ 7 sea case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 sea det 7 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 4 blew obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 blew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 blow past a western wind from the sea vn split-23.2 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient from sea=Co-Patient
Example 7 The sun was but a handsbreadth from the western edge of land.
det nsubj cop cc det case det amod nmod case nmod punct root The DET sun NOUN was AUX but CCONJ a DET handsbreadth NOUN from ADP the DET western ADJ edge NOUN of ADP land NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 sun det 2 sun sun NOUN Number=Sing 6 handsbreadth nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 handsbreadth cop 4 but but CCONJ _ 6 handsbreadth cc 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 handsbreadth det 6 handsbreadth handsbreadth NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 from from ADP _ 10 edge case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 edge det 9 western western ADJ Degree=Pos 10 edge amod 10 edge edge NOUN Number=Sing 6 handsbreadth nmod 11 of of ADP _ 12 land case 12 land land NOUN Number=Sing 10 edge nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 6 handsbreadth punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the sun a handsbreadth the western edge of land tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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