whale Who acts: whale, large animal, blue whale, We, Humpback whales, Killer whales · What happens: be, live, look, breathe, mean, see · To what, where: large animal, sea, mammal, air, biggest animal, Earth · Speech: someone speaks here
«whale» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: whale in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A whale is a very large animal that lives in the sea, looks like a fish, but is a mammal and breathes air.
The tree, 23 words det nsubj cop det advmod amod nsubj acl:relcl case det obl punct parataxis case det obl punct cc cop det conj cc conj obj punct root A DET whale NOUN is AUX a DET very ADV large ADJ animal NOUN that PRON lives VERB in ADP the DET sea NOUN , PUNCT looks VERB like ADP a DET fish NOUN , PUNCT but CCONJ is AUX a DET mammal NOUN and CCONJ breathes VERB air NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 whale det 2 whale whale NOUN Number=Sing 7 animal nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 animal cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 animal det 5 very very ADV _ 6 large advmod 6 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 7 animal amod 7 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 lives nsubj 9 lives live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 animal acl:relcl 10 in in ADP _ 12 sea case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 sea det 12 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 9 lives obl 13 , , PUNCT _ 14 looks punct 14 looks look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 lives parataxis 15 like like ADP _ 17 fish case 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 fish det 17 fish fish NOUN Number=Sing 14 looks obl 18 , , PUNCT _ 22 mammal punct 19 but but CCONJ _ 22 mammal cc 20 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 22 mammal cop 21 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 22 mammal det 22 mammal mammal NOUN Number=Sing 14 looks conj 23 and and CCONJ _ 24 breathes cc 24 breathes breathe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 lives conj 25 air air NOUN Number=Sing 24 breathes obj 26 . . PUNCT _ 7 animal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a whale a large animal tree rules 2 live present a large animal the sea vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sea=Location 3 look present like a fish vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus 4 is a present a mammal tree rules 5 breathe present a large animal not said here air vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 «A whale of a time» means a really great, fun time.
The tree, 11 words punct det nsubj case det nmod punct det advmod amod punct amod obj punct root « PUNCT A DET whale NOUN of ADP a DET time NOUN » PUNCT means VERB a DET really ADV great ADJ , PUNCT fun ADJ time NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 whale punct 2 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 whale det 3 whale whale NOUN Number=Sing 8 means nsubj 4 of of ADP _ 6 time case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 time det 6 time time NOUN Number=Sing 3 whale nmod 7 » » PUNCT _ 3 whale punct 8 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 time det 10 really really ADV _ 11 great advmod 11 great great ADJ Degree=Pos 14 time amod 12 , , PUNCT _ 11 great punct 13 fun fun ADJ Degree=Pos 14 time amod 14 time time NOUN Number=Sing 8 means obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 8 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present a whale of a time time vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
Example 1 A whale is a mammal, not a fish.
det nsubj cop det punct advmod det nmod punct root A DET whale NOUN is AUX a DET mammal NOUN , PUNCT not PART a DET fish NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 whale det 2 whale whale NOUN Number=Sing 5 mammal nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 mammal cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 mammal det 5 mammal mammal NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 9 fish punct 7 not not PART Polarity=Neg 9 fish advmod 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 fish det 9 fish fish NOUN Number=Sing 5 mammal nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 mammal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a whale a mammal a fish nmod tree rules
Example 2 The blue whale is the biggest animal on Earth.
det amod nsubj cop det amod case nmod punct root The DET blue ADJ whale NOUN is AUX the DET biggest ADJ animal NOUN on ADP Earth PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 whale det 2 blue blue ADJ Degree=Pos 3 whale amod 3 whale whale NOUN Number=Sing 7 animal nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 animal cop 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 animal det 6 biggest big ADJ Degree=Sup 7 animal amod 7 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 on on ADP _ 9 Earth case 9 Earth Earth PROPN Number=Sing 7 animal nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 animal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the blue whale the biggest animal Earth tree rules
Example 3 We saw a whale spout water from its blowhole.
nsubj det compound compound obj case nmod:poss obl punct root We PRON saw VERB a DET whale NOUN spout NOUN water NOUN from ADP its PRON blowhole NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 saw nsubj 2 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 water det 4 whale whale NOUN Number=Sing 5 spout compound 5 spout spout NOUN Number=Sing 6 water compound 6 water water NOUN Number=Sing 2 saw obj 7 from from ADP _ 9 blowhole case 8 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 blowhole nmod:poss 9 blowhole blowhole NOUN Number=Sing 2 saw obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 saw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see past We a spout water water's blowhole vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer water=Stimulus
Example 4 Humpback whales sing long songs.
compound nsubj amod obj punct root Humpback NOUN whales NOUN sing VERB long ADJ songs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Humpback humpback NOUN Number=Sing 2 whales compound 2 whales whale NOUN Number=Plur 3 sing nsubj 3 sing sing VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 5 songs amod 5 songs song NOUN Number=Plur 3 sing obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 sing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sing speech: express present Humpback whales long songs vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme
Example 5 A baby whale is called a calf.
det compound nsubj:pass aux:pass det xcomp punct root A DET baby NOUN whale NOUN is AUX called VERB a DET calf NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 whale det 2 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 3 whale compound 3 whale whale NOUN Number=Sing 5 called nsubj:pass 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 called aux:pass 5 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 calf det 7 calf calf NOUN Number=Sing 5 called xcomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present · passive a baby whale vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Example 6 Killer whales hunt in groups.
compound nsubj case obl punct root Killer NOUN whales NOUN hunt VERB in ADP groups NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Killer killer NOUN Number=Sing 2 whales compound 2 whales whale NOUN Number=Plur 3 hunt nsubj 3 hunt hunt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 5 groups case 5 groups group NOUN Number=Plur 3 hunt obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 hunt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hunt present Killer whales groups vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent in group=Location
Example 7 Whales must come up to the surface to breathe.
nsubj aux advmod case det obl mark advcl punct root Whales NOUN must AUX come VERB up ADV to ADP the DET surface NOUN to PART breathe VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Whales whale NOUN Number=Plur 3 come nsubj 2 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 come aux 3 come come VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 up up ADV _ 3 come advmod 5 to to ADP _ 7 surface case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 surface det 7 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing 3 come obl 8 to to PART _ 9 breathe mark 9 breathe breathe VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 come advcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 come punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come up must Whales the surface vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to surface=Initial_Location 2 breathe to-infinitive Whales not said here vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 8 We had a whale of a time at the party.
nsubj det obj case det nmod case det nmod punct root We PRON had VERB a DET whale NOUN of ADP a DET time NOUN at ADP the DET party NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 had nsubj 2 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 whale det 4 whale whale NOUN Number=Sing 2 had obj 5 of of ADP _ 7 time case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 time det 7 time time NOUN Number=Sing 4 whale nmod 8 at at ADP _ 10 party case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 party det 10 party party NOUN Number=Sing 7 time nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past We a whale of a time at the party vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whale=Patient
Example 9 A great whale came and swallowed her.
det amod nsubj cc conj obj punct root A DET great ADJ whale NOUN came VERB and CCONJ swallowed VERB her PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 whale det 2 great great ADJ Degree=Pos 3 whale amod 3 whale whale NOUN Number=Sing 4 came nsubj 4 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 swallowed cc 6 swallowed swallow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 came conj 7 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 swallowed obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past a great whale vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 swallow past a great whale not said here whale vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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