willow Who acts: willow, tree, weeping willow, We, Pussy willow, long willow leaves · What happens: be, grow, use, make, hang, sway · To what, where: tree, water, wood, cricket bats, pond, willow
«willow» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: willow in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A willow is a tree with long, thin, bendy branches and narrow leaves, often growing near water.
The tree, 17 words det nsubj cop det case amod punct amod punct amod nmod cc amod conj punct advmod acl case obl punct root A DET willow NOUN is AUX a DET tree NOUN with ADP long ADJ , PUNCT thin ADJ , PUNCT bendy ADJ branches NOUN and CCONJ narrow ADJ leaves NOUN , PUNCT often ADV growing VERB near ADP water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 willow det 2 willow willow NOUN Number=Sing 5 tree nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 tree cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 tree det 5 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 with with ADP _ 12 branches case 7 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 12 branches amod 8 , , PUNCT _ 7 long punct 9 thin thin ADJ Degree=Pos 12 branches amod 10 , , PUNCT _ 9 thin punct 11 bendy bendy ADJ Degree=Pos 12 branches amod 12 branches branch NOUN Number=Plur 5 tree nmod 13 and and CCONJ _ 15 leaves cc 14 narrow narrow ADJ Degree=Pos 15 leaves amod 15 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 12 branches conj 16 , , PUNCT _ 18 growing punct 17 often often ADV _ 18 growing advmod 18 growing grow VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 tree acl 19 near near ADP _ 20 water case 20 water water NOUN Number=Sing 18 growing obl 21 . . PUNCT _ 5 tree punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a willow a tree with long thin bendy branches and narrow leaves tree rules 2 grow gerund a tree not said here water often property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near water=Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Willow is the wood of this tree, used to make cricket bats and baskets.
The tree, 14 words nsubj cop det case det nmod punct parataxis mark advcl compound obj cc conj punct root Willow NOUN is AUX the DET wood NOUN of ADP this DET tree NOUN , PUNCT used VERB to PART make VERB cricket NOUN bats NOUN and CCONJ baskets NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Willow willow NOUN Number=Sing 4 wood nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 wood cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 wood det 4 wood wood NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 7 tree case 6 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 7 tree det 7 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 4 wood nmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 used punct 9 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 wood parataxis 10 to to PART _ 11 make mark 11 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 used advcl 12 cricket cricket NOUN Number=Sing 13 bats compound 13 bats bat NOUN Number=Plur 11 make obj 14 and and CCONJ _ 15 baskets cc 15 baskets basket NOUN Number=Plur 13 bats conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 4 wood punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Willow the wood of this tree tree rules 2 use participle vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 make to-infinitive cricket bats and baskets vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset bat=Product
Example 1 A weeping willow hung over the pond.
det compound nsubj case det obl punct root A DET weeping NOUN willow NOUN hung VERB over ADP the DET pond NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 willow det 2 weeping weeping NOUN Number=Sing 3 willow compound 3 willow willow NOUN Number=Sing 4 hung nsubj 4 hung hang VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 over over ADP _ 7 pond case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 pond det 7 pond pond NOUN Number=Sing 4 hung obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 hung punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hang past a weeping willow the pond vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over pond=Location
Example 2 Cricket bats are made from willow.
compound nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl punct root Cricket NOUN bats NOUN are AUX made VERB from ADP willow NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cricket cricket NOUN Number=Sing 2 bats compound 2 bats bat NOUN Number=Plur 4 made nsubj:pass 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 made aux:pass 4 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 from from ADP _ 6 willow case 6 willow willow NOUN Number=Sing 4 made obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present · passive Cricket bats willow vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from willow=Material
Example 3 We made a basket from willow sticks.
nsubj det obj case compound nmod punct root We PRON made VERB a DET basket NOUN from ADP willow NOUN sticks NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 made nsubj 2 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 basket det 4 basket basket NOUN Number=Sing 2 made obj 5 from from ADP _ 7 sticks case 6 willow willow NOUN Number=Sing 7 sticks compound 7 sticks stick NOUN Number=Plur 4 basket nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past We a basket willow sticks vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.product PP.material»: agent=Agent basket=Product from stick=Material
Example 4 Willows like wet ground near rivers.
case amod nmod case nmod punct root Willows NOUN like ADP wet ADJ ground NOUN near ADP rivers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Willows willow NOUN Number=Plur root root 2 like like ADP _ 4 ground case 3 wet wet ADJ Degree=Pos 4 ground amod 4 ground ground NOUN Number=Sing 1 Willows nmod 5 near near ADP _ 6 rivers case 6 rivers river NOUN Number=Plur 4 ground nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Willows punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 5 The willow's long branches swayed in the wind.
det nmod:poss case amod acl case det obl punct root The DET willow NOUN 's PART long ADJ branches NOUN swayed VERB in ADP the DET wind NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 willow det 2 willow willow NOUN Number=Sing 5 branches nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 willow case 4 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 5 branches amod 5 branches branch NOUN Number=Plur root root 6 swayed sway VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 branches acl 7 in in ADP _ 9 wind case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 wind det 9 wind wind NOUN Number=Sing 6 swayed obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 branches punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sway participle the willow's long branches not said here the wind vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in wind=Location
Example 6 Pussy willow has soft, furry buds.
amod nsubj amod punct amod obj punct root Pussy ADJ willow NOUN has VERB soft ADJ , PUNCT furry ADJ buds NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pussy pussy ADJ Degree=Pos 2 willow amod 2 willow willow NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 soft soft ADJ Degree=Pos 7 buds amod 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 soft punct 6 furry furry ADJ Degree=Pos 7 buds amod 7 buds bud NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Pussy willow soft furry buds vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bud=Patient
Example 7 The long willow-leaves were quite yellow.
det amod compound punct nsubj cop advmod punct root The DET long ADJ willow NOUN - PUNCT leaves NOUN were AUX quite ADV yellow ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 leaves det 2 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 5 leaves amod 3 willow willow NOUN Number=Sing 5 leaves compound 4 - - PUNCT _ 3 willow punct 5 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 8 yellow nsubj 6 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 yellow cop 7 quite quite ADV _ 8 yellow advmod 8 yellow yellow ADJ Degree=Pos root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 yellow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the long willow leaves yellow property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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