winch

Who acts: helicopter, We, tow truck, sailors, old winch, handle · What happens: use, lift, pull, go out, winch, build · To what, where: machine, heavy things, something, climber, winch, cotton reel

«winch» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: winch in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

A machine with a rope or a chain wound round a turning drum, used to lift or pull heavy things.

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 machine	det
2	machine	machine	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 used	nsubj:pass
3	with	with	ADP	_	5 rope	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 rope	det
5	rope	rope	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 machine	nmod
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	9 wound	cc
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 wound	det
8	chain	chain	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 wound	compound
9	wound	wound	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 rope	conj
10	round	round	ADP	_	13 drum	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 drum	det
12	turning	turning	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 drum	compound
13	drum	drum	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 wound	nmod
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 machine	punct
15	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
16	to	to	PART	_	17 lift	mark
17	lift	lift	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	15 used	xcomp
18	or	or	CCONJ	_	19 pull	cc
19	pull	pull	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	17 lift	conj
20	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 things	amod
21	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 pull	obj
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	15 used	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	roles by
1	use	participle · passive	a machine with a rope or a chain wound round a turning drum	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Theme clause=Eventuality
2	lift	to-infinitive		vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	pull	infinitive	heavy things	vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

To lift or pull something with a winch.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 lift	mark
2	lift	lift	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	or	or	CCONJ	_	4 pull	cc
4	pull	pull	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	2 lift	conj
5	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	4 pull	obj
6	with	with	ADP	_	8 winch	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 winch	det
8	winch	winch	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 pull	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 lift	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lift	to-infinitive							vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	pull	infinitive		something				with a winch	vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme

Meaning 3

Usage: verb, Scotland, informal — kept apart, not parsed.

To go out with someone as a boyfriend or girlfriend; a different, Scots sense.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 go	mark
2	go	go	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	out	out	ADV	_	2 go	advmod
4	with	with	ADP	_	5 someone	case
5	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	2 go	obl
6	as	as	ADP	_	8 boyfriend	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 boyfriend	det
8	boyfriend	boyfriend	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 someone	nmod
9	or	or	CCONJ	_	10 girlfriend	cc
10	girlfriend	girlfriend	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 boyfriend	conj
11	;	;	PUNCT	_	13 different	punct
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 different	det
13	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 go	parataxis
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 sense	punct
15	Scots	Scot	PROPN	Number=Plur	16 sense	compound
16	sense	sense	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 different	conj
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 go	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	go out	to-infinitive						with someone; out property	vn interact-36.6 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with someone=Co-Agent

Example 1

The helicopter winched the climber to safety.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 helicopter	det
2	helicopter	helicopter	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 winched	nsubj
3	winched	winch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 climber	det
5	climber	climber	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 winched	obj
6	to	to	ADP	_	7 safety	case
7	safety	safety	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 winched	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 winched	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	winch	past	the helicopter	the climber				to safety	tree rules

Example 2

We built a winch from a cotton reel and a pencil.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 built	nsubj
2	built	build	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 winch	det
4	winch	winch	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 built	obj
5	from	from	ADP	_	8 reel	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 reel	det
7	cotton	cotton	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 reel	compound
8	reel	reel	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 built	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 pencil	cc
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 pencil	det
11	pencil	pencil	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 reel	conj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 built	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	build	past	We	a winch		a cotton reel and a pencil			vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.product PP.material»: agent=Agent winch=Product from reel=Material

Example 3

The tow truck used its winch to pull the car out of the mud.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 truck	det
2	tow	tow	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 truck	compound
3	truck	truck	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 used	nsubj
4	used	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 winch	nmod:poss
6	winch	winch	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 used	obj
7	to	to	PART	_	8 pull	mark
8	pull	pull	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 used	advcl
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 car	det
10	car	car	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 pull	obj
11	out	out	ADP	_	14 mud	case
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 mud	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 mud	det
14	mud	mud	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 pull	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 used	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	past	the tow truck	truck's winch					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent winch=Patient
2	pull	to-infinitive	the tow truck not said here	the car		the mud			vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent car=Theme out mud=Initial_Location

Example 4

The sailors winched up the anchor.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 sailors	det
2	sailors	sailor	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 winched	nsubj
3	winched	winch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	up	up	ADP	_	3 winched	compound:prt
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 anchor	det
6	anchor	anchor	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 winched	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 winched	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	winch up	past	the sailors	the anchor					tree rules

Example 5

An old winch lifted the bucket out of the well.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 winch	det
2	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 winch	amod
3	winch	winch	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 lifted	nsubj
4	lifted	lift	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 bucket	det
6	bucket	bucket	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 lifted	obj
7	out	out	ADP	_	10 well	case
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 well	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 well	det
10	well	well	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 lifted	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 lifted	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lift	past	a old winch	the bucket		the well			vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent bucket=Theme out well=Destination

Example 6

The bigger the handle on a winch, the easier it is to turn.

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 bigger	det
2	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	10 easier	advcl
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 handle	det
4	handle	handle	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bigger	nsubj
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 winch	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 winch	det
7	winch	winch	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 handle	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 easier	punct
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 easier	det
10	easier	easy	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 turn	nsubj
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 turn	cop
13	to	to	PART	_	14 turn	mark
14	turn	turn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 easier	ccomp
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 easier	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	handle					turn property	tree rules

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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