wish Who acts: wish, magic, you, they, Best wishes, I · What happens: wish, mean, want, happen, be, make · To what, where: something, hope, request, stories, someone, it · Speech: someone speaks here
«wish» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: wish in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To wish means to want something to happen, even if it may not. A wish is that hope.
Sentence 1: To wish means to want something to happen, even if it may not.
The tree, 13 words mark nsubj mark xcomp obj mark acl punct advmod mark nsubj ccomp advmod punct root To PART wish VERB means VERB to PART want VERB something PRON to PART happen VERB , PUNCT even ADV if SCONJ it PRON may AUX not PART . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 wish mark 2 wish wish VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 means nsubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 want mark 5 want want VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means xcomp 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 want obj 7 to to PART _ 8 happen mark 8 happen happen VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 something acl 9 , , PUNCT _ 13 may punct 10 even even ADV _ 13 may advmod 11 if if SCONJ _ 13 may mark 12 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 may nsubj 13 may may AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 means ccomp 14 not not PART Polarity=Neg 13 may advmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wish to-infinitive vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 want not said to happen to-infinitive something vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot something=Theme 4 happen to-infinitive something not said here vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: A wish is that hope.
det nsubj cop det punct root A DET wish NOUN is AUX that DET hope NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 wish det 2 wish wish NOUN Number=Sing 5 hope nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 hope cop 4 that that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 5 hope det 5 hope hope NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 hope punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a wish that hope tree rules
Meaning 2 In stories, a wish is a request that is made true by magic.
The tree, 13 words case obl punct det nsubj cop det nsubj aux:pass acl:relcl xcomp case obl punct root In ADP stories NOUN , PUNCT a DET wish NOUN is AUX a DET request NOUN that PRON is AUX made VERB true ADJ by ADP magic NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 stories case 2 stories story NOUN Number=Plur 8 request obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 stories punct 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 wish det 5 wish wish NOUN Number=Sing 8 request nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 request cop 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 request det 8 request request NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 that that PRON PronType=Rel 11 made nsubj 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 made aux:pass 11 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 request acl:relcl 12 true true ADJ Degree=Pos 11 made xcomp 13 by by ADP _ 14 magic case 14 magic magic NOUN Number=Sing 11 made obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 8 request punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a wish a request stories tree rules 2 make present · passive magic a request true property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset subject=Product
Meaning 3 To wish someone something is to say you hope they have it.
mark advcl obj obj cop mark nsubj ccomp nsubj ccomp obj punct root To PART wish VERB someone PRON something PRON is AUX to PART say VERB you PRON hope VERB they PRON have VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 wish mark 2 wish wish VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 say advcl 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 wish obj 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 wish obj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 say cop 6 to to PART _ 7 say mark 7 say say VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 9 hope nsubj 9 hope hope VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 say ccomp 10 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 have nsubj 11 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 hope ccomp 12 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 have obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 7 say punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wish to-infinitive someone tree rules 2 be speech: assert present say property tree rules 3 hope present you vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 4 have present they it vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
I wish you a happy birthday.
nsubj iobj det amod obj punct root I PRON wish VERB you PRON a DET happy ADJ birthday NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 wish nsubj 2 wish wish VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 2 wish iobj 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 birthday det 5 happy happy ADJ Degree=Pos 6 birthday amod 6 birthday birthday NOUN Number=Sing 2 wish obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 wish punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wish present I a happy birthday you tree rules
Meaning 4 Best wishes are kind words at the end of a letter or card.
amod nsubj cop amod case det nmod case det nmod cc conj punct root Best ADJ wishes NOUN are AUX kind ADJ words NOUN at ADP the DET end NOUN of ADP a DET letter NOUN or CCONJ card NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Best good ADJ Degree=Sup 2 wishes amod 2 wishes wish NOUN Number=Plur 5 words nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 words cop 4 kind kind ADJ Degree=Pos 5 words amod 5 words word NOUN Number=Plur root root 6 at at ADP _ 8 end case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 end det 8 end end NOUN Number=Sing 5 words nmod 9 of of ADP _ 11 letter case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 letter det 11 letter letter NOUN Number=Sing 8 end nmod 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 card cc 13 card card NOUN Number=Sing 11 letter conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 words punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Best wishes kind words at the end of a letter or card tree rules
Example 1 The genie gave her 3 wishes.
det nsubj iobj nummod obj punct root The DET genie NOUN gave VERB her PRON 3 NUM wishes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 genie det 2 genie genie NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave nsubj 3 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 gave iobj 5 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 wishes nummod 6 wishes wish NOUN Number=Plur 3 gave obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past the genie 3 wishes her = she vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent she=Recipient wish=Theme
Example 2 He wishes to buy a game for $45.
nsubj mark xcomp det obj case nmod nummod punct root He PRON wishes VERB to PART buy VERB a DET game NOUN for ADP $ SYM 45 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 wishes nsubj 2 wishes wish VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 buy mark 4 buy buy VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 wishes xcomp 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 game det 6 game game NOUN Number=Sing 4 buy obj 7 for for ADP _ 8 $ case 8 $ $ SYM _ 6 game nmod 9 45 45 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 $ nummod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 wishes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wish present He vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 2 buy not said to happen to-infinitive He not said here a game vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent game=Theme for $=Beneficiary
Example 3 She wished for 10 more stickers.
nsubj case nummod amod obl punct root She PRON wished VERB for ADP 10 NUM more ADJ stickers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 wished nsubj 2 wished wish VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 for for ADP _ 6 stickers case 4 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 stickers nummod 5 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 stickers amod 6 stickers sticker NOUN Number=Plur 2 wished obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 wished punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wish past She for 10 more stickers vn long-32.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Pivot for sticker=Theme
Example 4 They each made 2 wishes.
nsubj nsubj nummod obj punct root They PRON each DET made VERB 2 NUM wishes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 They they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 made nsubj 2 each each DET PronType=Tot 3 made nsubj 3 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 wishes nummod 5 wishes wish NOUN Number=Plur 3 made obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past They 2 wishes vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset wish=Product
Example 5 Close your eyes and make a wish.
nmod:poss obj cc conj det obj punct root Close VERB your PRON eyes NOUN and CCONJ make VERB a DET wish NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Close close VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 eyes nmod:poss 3 eyes eye NOUN Number=Plur 1 Close obj 4 and and CCONJ _ 5 make cc 5 make make VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Close conj 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 wish det 7 wish wish NOUN Number=Sing 5 make obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Close punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 close imperative you not said here your eyes vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Patient 2 make infinitive you not said here a wish vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset wish=Product
Example 6 I wish it would stop raining.
nsubj nsubj aux ccomp xcomp punct root I PRON wish VERB it PRON would AUX stop VERB raining VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 wish nsubj 2 wish wish VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 stop nsubj 4 would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 stop aux 5 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 wish ccomp 6 raining rain VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 stop xcomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 wish punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wish present I vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 2 stop would it vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality 3 rain gerund vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»
Example 7 We wish you a happy holiday.
nsubj iobj det amod obj punct root We PRON wish VERB you PRON a DET happy ADJ holiday NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 wish nsubj 2 wish wish VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 2 wish iobj 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 holiday det 5 happy happy ADJ Degree=Pos 6 holiday amod 6 holiday holiday NOUN Number=Sing 2 wish obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 wish punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wish present We a happy holiday you tree rules
Example 8 Best wishes from all of us.
amod case nmod case nmod punct root Best ADJ wishes NOUN from ADP all DET of ADP us PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Best good ADJ Degree=Sup 2 wishes amod 2 wishes wish NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 from from ADP _ 4 all case 4 all all DET PronType=Tot 2 wishes nmod 5 of of ADP _ 6 us case 6 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 all nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 wishes punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 9 You can sit here if you wish.
nsubj aux advmod mark nsubj advcl punct root You PRON can AUX sit VERB here ADV if SCONJ you PRON wish VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 sit nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 sit aux 3 sit sit VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 here here ADV PronType=Dem 3 sit advmod 5 if if SCONJ _ 7 wish mark 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 wish nsubj 7 wish wish VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 sit advcl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 sit punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sit can You here vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 wish a condition, not said to happen present you vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot
Example 10 I wish I had learnt it.”
nsubj nsubj aux ccomp obj punct punct root I PRON wish VERB I PRON had AUX learnt VERB it PRON . PUNCT ” PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 wish nsubj 2 wish wish VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 learnt nsubj 4 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 learnt aux 5 learnt learn VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 2 wish ccomp 6 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 learnt obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 wish punct 8 ” " PUNCT _ 2 wish punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wish present I vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 2 learn past · perfect I it vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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