writing Who acts: skill, person, someone, I, your, We · What happens: put, write, handwrite, be, not read, do · To what, where: words, paper, articles, wall, writing, creative writing
«writing» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: writing in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 The activity or skill of putting words on paper or a screen.
det cc conj mark acl obj case obl cc det conj punct root The DET activity NOUN or CCONJ skill NOUN of SCONJ putting VERB words NOUN on ADP paper NOUN or CCONJ a DET screen NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 activity det 2 activity activity NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 skill cc 4 skill skill NOUN Number=Sing 2 activity conj 5 of of SCONJ _ 6 putting mark 6 putting put VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 skill acl 7 words word NOUN Number=Plur 6 putting obj 8 on on ADP _ 9 paper case 9 paper paper NOUN Number=Sing 6 putting obl 10 or or CCONJ _ 12 screen cc 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 screen det 12 screen screen NOUN Number=Sing 9 paper conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 activity punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put gerund skill not said here words paper or a screen vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme on paper=Destination
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Words that are written.
nsubj:pass nsubj:pass aux:pass punct root Words NOUN that PRON are AUX written VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Words word NOUN Number=Plur 4 written nsubj:pass 2 that that PRON PronType=Rel 4 written nsubj:pass 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 written aux:pass 4 written write VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 . . PUNCT _ 4 written punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write present · passive Words vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"There was writing on the wall."
punct expl aux case det obl punct punct root " PUNCT There PRON was AUX writing VERB on ADP the DET wall NOUN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 4 writing punct 2 There there PRON PronType=Dem 3 was expl 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 writing aux 4 writing write VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 on on ADP _ 7 wall case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 wall det 7 wall wall NOUN Number=Sing 4 writing obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 writing punct 9 " " PUNCT _ 4 writing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write in a quote past · progressive the wall vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on wall=Destination
Meaning 3 A person's handwriting.
det nmod:poss case punct root A DET person NOUN 's PART handwriting NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 person det 2 person person NOUN Number=Sing 4 handwriting nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 person case 4 handwriting handwriting NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 . . PUNCT _ 4 handwriting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 handwrite a person nom handwriting «communication transitive»: poss=agent
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"I can't read your writing."
punct nsubj aux advmod nmod:poss obj punct punct root " PUNCT I PRON ca AUX n't PART read VERB your PRON writing NOUN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 5 read punct 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 read nsubj 3 ca can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 read aux 4 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 5 read advmod 5 read read VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 writing nmod:poss 7 writing writing NOUN Number=Sing 5 read obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 read punct 9 " " PUNCT _ 5 read punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not read in a quote can I your writing vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent writing=Topic 2 write in a quote your nom writing «act transitive»: poss=agent
Meaning 4 Books, stories, poems or articles that someone has written; "writings" are someone's written works.
The tree, 15 words nsubj punct conj punct cc conj nsubj:pass nsubj:pass aux acl:relcl punct punct appos punct cop nsubj case nsubj parataxis punct root Books NOUN , PUNCT stories NOUN , PUNCT poems NOUN or CCONJ articles NOUN that PRON someone PRON has AUX written VERB ; PUNCT " PUNCT writings NOUN " PUNCT are AUX someone PRON 's PART written VERB works VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Books book NOUN Number=Plur 5 poems nsubj 2 , , PUNCT _ 3 stories punct 3 stories story NOUN Number=Plur 1 Books conj 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 poems punct 5 poems poem NOUN Number=Plur root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 articles cc 7 articles article NOUN Number=Plur 5 poems conj 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 11 written nsubj:pass 9 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 11 written nsubj:pass 10 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 written aux 11 written write VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 articles acl:relcl 12 ; ; PUNCT _ 14 writings punct 13 " " PUNCT _ 14 writings punct 14 writings writing NOUN Number=Plur 5 poems appos 15 " " PUNCT _ 14 writings punct 16 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 20 works cop 17 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 20 works nsubj 18 's 's PART _ 17 someone case 19 written write VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 20 works nsubj 20 works work VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 poems parataxis 21 . . PUNCT _ 5 poems punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write present · perfect · passive articles vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme 2 write participle vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 is present someone work property tree rules
Meaning 5 The job of being a writer.
det case cop det nmod punct root The DET job NOUN of ADP being AUX a DET writer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 job det 2 job job NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 of of ADP _ 6 writer case 4 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 writer cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 writer det 6 writer writer NOUN Number=Sing 2 job nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 job punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is gerund of a writer tree rules
Example 1 We did some creative writing about a dragon.
nsubj det amod obj case det nmod punct root We PRON did VERB some DET creative ADJ writing NOUN about ADP a DET dragon NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 did nsubj 2 did do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 some some DET PronType=Ind 5 writing det 4 creative creative ADJ Degree=Pos 5 writing amod 5 writing writing NOUN Number=Sing 2 did obj 6 about about ADP _ 8 dragon case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 dragon det 8 dragon dragon NOUN Number=Sing 5 writing nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 did punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do past We some creative writing about a dragon vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent writing=Eventuality
Example 2 Your writing is much neater this term.
nmod:poss nsubj cop advmod det obl:unmarked punct root Your PRON writing NOUN is AUX much ADV neater ADJ this DET term NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 writing nmod:poss 2 writing writing NOUN Number=Sing 5 neater nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 neater cop 4 much much ADV _ 5 neater advmod 5 neater neat ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 6 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 7 term det 7 term term NOUN Number=Sing 5 neater obl:unmarked 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 neater punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Your writing this term obl:unmarked ; neat property tree rules 2 write Your nom writing «act transitive»: poss=agent
Example 3 I can't read the writing on this old letter.
nsubj aux advmod det obj case det amod obl punct root I PRON ca AUX n't PART read VERB the DET writing NOUN on ADP this DET old ADJ letter NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 read nsubj 2 ca can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 read aux 3 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 4 read advmod 4 read read VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 writing det 6 writing writing NOUN Number=Sing 4 read obj 7 on on ADP _ 10 letter case 8 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 10 letter det 9 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 10 letter amod 10 letter letter NOUN Number=Sing 4 read obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 read punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not read can I the writing this old letter vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent writing=Topic
Example 4 Please put your complaint in writing.
discourse nmod:poss obj case obl punct root Please INTJ put VERB your PRON complaint NOUN in ADP writing NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Please please INTJ _ 2 put discourse 2 put put VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 complaint nmod:poss 4 complaint complaint NOUN Number=Sing 2 put obj 5 in in ADP _ 6 writing case 6 writing writing NOUN Number=Sing 2 put obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put imperative you not said here your complaint writing vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent complaint=Theme in writing=Destination 2 complain your nom complaint «state intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 5 Roald Dahl's writing makes children laugh.
nmod:poss flat case nsubj obj xcomp punct root Roald PROPN Dahl PROPN 's PART writing NOUN makes VERB children NOUN laugh VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Roald Roald PROPN Number=Sing 4 writing nmod:poss 2 Dahl Dahl PROPN Number=Sing 1 Roald flat 3 's 's PART _ 1 Roald case 4 writing writing NOUN Number=Sing 5 makes nsubj 5 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 children child NOUN Number=Plur 5 makes obj 7 laugh laugh VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 makes xcomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 makes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present Roald's writing children tree rules 2 laugh infinitive children not said here vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 write Roald nom writing «act transitive»: poss=agent
Example 6 She is writing a story about her cat.
nsubj aux det obj case nmod:poss nmod punct root She PRON is AUX writing VERB a DET story NOUN about ADP her PRON cat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 writing nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 writing aux 3 writing write VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 story det 5 story story NOUN Number=Sing 3 writing obj 6 about about ADP _ 8 cat case 7 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 cat nmod:poss 8 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 5 story nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 writing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write present · progressive She a story about her cat vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent story=Recipient about cat=Topic
Example 7 The writing on the board was too small to see.
det nsubj case det nmod cop advmod mark advcl punct root The DET writing NOUN on ADP the DET board NOUN was AUX too ADV small ADJ to PART see VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 writing det 2 writing writing NOUN Number=Sing 8 small nsubj 3 on on ADP _ 5 board case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 board det 5 board board NOUN Number=Sing 2 writing nmod 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 small cop 7 too too ADV _ 8 small advmod 8 small small ADJ Degree=Pos root root 9 to to PART _ 10 see mark 10 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 small advcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 8 small punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the writing on the board small property tree rules 2 see to-infinitive the writing on the board not said here vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Example 8 After losing six games, the writing was on the wall for the team.
The tree, 13 words mark advcl nummod obj punct det nsubj cop case det case det nmod punct root After SCONJ losing VERB six NUM games NOUN , PUNCT the DET writing NOUN was AUX on ADP the DET wall NOUN for ADP the DET team NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 After after SCONJ _ 2 losing mark 2 losing lose VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 11 wall advcl 3 six six NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 games nummod 4 games game NOUN Number=Plur 2 losing obj 5 , , PUNCT _ 2 losing punct 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 writing det 7 writing writing NOUN Number=Sing 11 wall nsubj 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 wall cop 9 on on ADP _ 11 wall case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 wall det 11 wall wall NOUN Number=Sing root root 12 for for ADP _ 14 team case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 team det 14 team team NOUN Number=Sing 11 wall nmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 11 wall punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lose gerund the writing not said here six games vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent game=Eventuality 2 is past the writing the wall for the team tree rules
Example 9 And that means a lot of writing to the papers and things.
cc nsubj det obj case nmod case det nmod cc conj punct root And CCONJ that PRON means VERB a DET lot NOUN of ADP writing NOUN to ADP the DET papers NOUN and CCONJ things NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 And and CCONJ _ 3 means cc 2 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 3 means nsubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 lot det 5 lot lot NOUN Number=Sing 3 means obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 writing case 7 writing writing NOUN Number=Sing 5 lot nmod 8 to to ADP _ 10 papers case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 papers det 10 papers paper NOUN Number=Plur 7 writing nmod 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 things cc 12 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 10 papers conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present that a lot of writing to the papers and things vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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