younger Who acts: Younger, I, Anna, Ben, brother, younger brother · What happens: mean, have, live, be, hold, not let · To what, where: earlier part, 8, much Lily, family, younger dogs, hand · Speech: someone speaks here
«younger» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: younger in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Younger means having lived fewer years than someone else.
nsubj xcomp amod amod obj case nmod advmod punct root Younger NOUN means VERB having VERB lived VERB fewer ADJ years NOUN than ADP someone PRON else ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Younger younger NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 having have VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 lived live VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 6 years amod 5 fewer few ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 years amod 6 years year NOUN Number=Plur 3 having obj 7 than than ADP _ 8 someone case 8 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 years nmod 9 else else ADV _ 8 someone advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Younger vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 have not said to happen gerund Younger not said here year vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3 live participle vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Younger can mean in an earlier part of life: «when I was younger».
The tree, 13 words nsubj aux case det amod obl case nmod punct punct advmod nsubj cop parataxis punct punct root Younger NOUN can AUX mean VERB in ADP an DET earlier ADJ part NOUN of ADP life NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT when ADV I PRON was AUX younger ADJ » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Younger younger NOUN Number=Sing 3 mean nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 mean aux 3 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 in in ADP _ 7 part case 5 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 part det 6 earlier early ADJ Degree=Cmp 7 part amod 7 part part NOUN Number=Sing 3 mean obl 8 of of ADP _ 9 life case 9 life life NOUN Number=Sing 7 part nmod 10 : : PUNCT _ 15 younger punct 11 « « PUNCT _ 15 younger punct 12 when when ADV PronType=Int 15 younger advmod 13 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 15 younger nsubj 14 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 15 younger cop 15 younger young ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 mean parataxis 16 » » PUNCT _ 15 younger punct 17 . . PUNCT _ 3 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can Younger a earlier part of life vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 is in a quote past I young property tree rules
Example 1 Anna is 2 years younger than Tom.
nsubj cop nummod obl:unmarked case obl punct root Anna PROPN is AUX 2 NUM years NOUN younger ADJ than ADP Tom PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Anna Anna PROPN Number=Sing 5 younger nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 younger cop 3 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 years nummod 4 years year NOUN Number=Plur 5 younger obl:unmarked 5 younger young ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 6 than than ADP _ 7 Tom case 7 Tom Tom PROPN Number=Sing 5 younger obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 younger punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Anna year than Tom; young property tree rules
Example 2 Ben is 8, and his brother is 3 years younger.
nsubj cop punct cc nmod:poss nsubj cop nummod obl:unmarked acl:relcl punct root Ben PROPN is AUX 8 NUM , PUNCT and CCONJ his PRON brother NOUN is AUX 3 NUM years NOUN younger ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ben Ben PROPN Number=Sing 3 8 nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 8 cop 3 8 8 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 11 younger punct 5 and and CCONJ _ 11 younger cc 6 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 brother nmod:poss 7 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 11 younger nsubj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 younger cop 9 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 10 years nummod 10 years year NOUN Number=Plur 11 younger obl:unmarked 11 younger young ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 8 acl:relcl 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 8 punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Ben 8 tree rules 2 is present Ben's brother year young property tree rules
Example 3 How much younger is Lily than Sam?
advmod amod xcomp cop case nmod punct root How ADV much ADJ younger ADJ is AUX Lily PROPN than ADP Sam PROPN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 much advmod 2 much much ADJ Degree=Pos 5 Lily amod 3 younger young ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 much xcomp 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 Lily cop 5 Lily Lily PROPN Number=Sing root root 6 than than ADP _ 7 Sam case 7 Sam Sam PROPN Number=Sing 5 Lily nmod 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 Lily punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present much Lily than Sam tree rules
Example 4 My younger brother is in Year 1.
nmod:poss amod nsubj cop case flat punct root My PRON younger ADJ brother NOUN is AUX in ADP Year PROPN 1 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 brother nmod:poss 2 younger young ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 brother amod 3 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 6 Year nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 Year cop 5 in in ADP _ 6 Year case 6 Year Year PROPN Number=Sing root root 7 1 1 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 Year flat 8 . . PUNCT _ 6 Year punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present My younger brother in Year tree rules
Example 5 When I was younger, I was scared of dogs.
advmod nsubj cop punct nsubj cop conj case obl punct root When ADV I PRON was AUX younger ADJ , PUNCT I PRON was AUX scared ADJ of ADP dogs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 When when ADV PronType=Int 4 younger advmod 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 younger nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 younger cop 4 younger young ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 scared punct 6 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 scared nsubj 7 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 scared cop 8 scared scared ADJ Degree=Pos 4 younger conj 9 of of ADP _ 10 dogs case 10 dogs dog NOUN Number=Plur 8 scared obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 younger punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past I young property tree rules 2 is past I of dogs; scared property tree rules
Example 6 She is the youngest in her family.
nsubj cop det case nmod:poss obl punct root She PRON is AUX the DET youngest ADJ in ADP her PRON family NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 youngest nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 youngest cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 youngest det 4 youngest young ADJ Degree=Sup root root 5 in in ADP _ 7 family case 6 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 family nmod:poss 7 family family NOUN Number=Sing 4 youngest obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 youngest punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present She her family young property tree rules
Example 7 Puppies are younger dogs.
nsubj cop amod punct root Puppies NOUN are AUX younger ADJ dogs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Puppies puppy NOUN Number=Plur 4 dogs nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 dogs cop 3 younger young ADJ Degree=Cmp 4 dogs amod 4 dogs dog NOUN Number=Plur root root 5 . . PUNCT _ 4 dogs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Puppies younger dogs tree rules
Example 8 Younger children must hold an adult's hand near the road.
amod nsubj aux det nmod:poss case obj case det obl punct root Younger ADJ children NOUN must AUX hold VERB an DET adult NOUN 's PART hand NOUN near ADP the DET road NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Younger young ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 children amod 2 children child NOUN Number=Plur 4 hold nsubj 3 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 hold aux 4 hold hold VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 adult det 6 adult adult NOUN Number=Sing 8 hand nmod:poss 7 's 's PART _ 6 adult case 8 hand hand NOUN Number=Sing 4 hold obj 9 near near ADP _ 11 road case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 road det 11 road road NOUN Number=Sing 4 hold obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 hold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold must Younger children a adult's hand the road vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent hand=Theme near road=Location
Example 9 "We won't let the younger marry before her elders."
punct nsubj aux advmod det xcomp xcomp case nmod:poss obl punct punct root " PUNCT We PRON wo AUX n't PART let VERB the DET younger ADJ marry VERB before ADP her PRON elders NOUN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 5 let punct 2 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 let nsubj 3 wo will AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 let aux 4 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 5 let advmod 5 let let VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 younger det 7 younger young ADJ Degree=Cmp 5 let xcomp 8 marry marry VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 let xcomp 9 before before ADP _ 11 elders case 10 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 elders nmod:poss 11 elders elder NOUN Number=Plur 8 marry obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 let punct 13 " " PUNCT _ 5 let punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not let in a quote future We young property tree rules 2 marry in a quote infinitive We not said here before her elders vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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