young Who acts: Young, night, little brother, She, kangaroo, Grandpa · What happens: mean, have, live, begin, be, go · To what, where: early stage, babies, school, class, young, pouch · Speech: someone speaks here
«young» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: young in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Young means having lived only a short time; not old.
nsubj ccomp xcomp advmod det amod obl punct advmod conj punct root Young ADJ means VERB having VERB lived VERB only ADV a DET short ADJ time NOUN ; PUNCT not PART old ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Young young ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 having have VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means ccomp 4 lived live VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 having xcomp 5 only only ADV _ 8 time advmod 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 time det 7 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 8 time amod 8 time time NOUN Number=Sing 4 lived obl 9 ; ; PUNCT _ 11 old punct 10 not not PART Polarity=Neg 11 old advmod 11 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Young vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 have gerund tree rules 3 live participle time vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Young can mean at an early stage, just begun: «The night is young».
The tree, 13 words nsubj aux case det amod obl punct advmod parataxis punct punct det nsubj cop ccomp punct punct root Young ADJ can AUX mean VERB at ADP an DET early ADJ stage NOUN , PUNCT just ADV begun VERB : PUNCT « PUNCT The DET night NOUN is AUX young ADJ » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Young young ADJ Degree=Pos 3 mean nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 mean aux 3 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 at at ADP _ 7 stage case 5 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 stage det 6 early early ADJ Degree=Pos 7 stage amod 7 stage stage NOUN Number=Sing 3 mean obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 begun punct 9 just just ADV _ 10 begun advmod 10 begun begin VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 mean parataxis 11 : : PUNCT _ 16 young punct 12 « « PUNCT _ 16 young punct 13 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 night det 14 night night NOUN Number=Sing 16 young nsubj 15 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 young cop 16 young young ADJ Degree=Pos 3 mean ccomp 17 » » PUNCT _ 16 young punct 18 . . PUNCT _ 3 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can Young a early stage vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 begin participle vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality 3 is in a quote present the night young property tree rules
Meaning 3 As a noun, an animal's young are its babies.
case det obl punct det nmod:poss case nsubj cop nmod:poss punct root As ADP a DET noun NOUN , PUNCT an DET animal NOUN 's PART young NOUN are AUX its PRON babies NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 As as ADP _ 3 noun case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 noun det 3 noun noun NOUN Number=Sing 8 young obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 noun punct 5 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 animal det 6 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing 8 young nmod:poss 7 's 's PART _ 6 animal case 8 young young NOUN Number=Sing 11 babies nsubj 9 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 babies cop 10 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 babies nmod:poss 11 babies baby NOUN Number=Plur root root 12 . . PUNCT _ 11 babies punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a animal's young young's babies tree rules
Example 1 My little brother is too young to go to school.
nmod:poss amod nsubj cop advmod mark xcomp case obl punct root My PRON little ADJ brother NOUN is AUX too ADV young ADJ to PART go VERB to ADP school NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 brother nmod:poss 2 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 3 brother amod 3 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 6 young nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 young cop 5 too too ADV _ 6 young advmod 6 young young ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 to to PART _ 8 go mark 8 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 young xcomp 9 to to ADP _ 10 school case 10 school school NOUN Number=Sing 8 go obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 young punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present My little brother young property tree rules 2 go to-infinitive My little brother not said here school vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to school=Initial_Location
Example 2 She is the youngest in our class.
nsubj cop det case nmod:poss obl punct root She PRON is AUX the DET youngest ADJ in ADP our PRON class NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 youngest nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 youngest cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 youngest det 4 youngest young ADJ Degree=Sup root root 5 in in ADP _ 7 class case 6 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 class nmod:poss 7 class class NOUN Number=Sing 4 youngest obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 youngest punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present She our class young property tree rules
Example 3 A kangaroo carries its young in a pouch.
det nsubj nmod:poss obj case det obl punct root A DET kangaroo NOUN carries VERB its PRON young NOUN in ADP a DET pouch NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 kangaroo det 2 kangaroo kangaroo NOUN Number=Sing 3 carries nsubj 3 carries carry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 young nmod:poss 5 young young NOUN Number=Sing 3 carries obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 pouch case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 pouch det 8 pouch pouch NOUN Number=Sing 3 carries obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 carries punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 carry present a kangaroo kangaroo's young a pouch vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent young=Value in pouch=Location
Example 4 Grandpa says he feels young when he plays football.
nsubj nsubj ccomp xcomp mark nsubj advcl obj punct root Grandpa NOUN says VERB he PRON feels VERB young ADJ when SCONJ he PRON plays VERB football NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandpa grandpa NOUN Number=Sing 2 says nsubj 2 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 feels nsubj 4 feels feel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 says ccomp 5 young young ADJ Degree=Pos 4 feels xcomp 6 when when SCONJ _ 8 plays mark 7 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 plays nsubj 8 plays play VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 feels advcl 9 football football NOUN Number=Sing 8 plays obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present Grandpa vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 feel present Grandpa young property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus 3 play present Grandpa football vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent football=Theme
Example 5 Young children must hold an adult's hand near roads.
amod nsubj aux det nmod:poss case obj case obl punct root Young ADJ children NOUN must AUX hold VERB an DET adult NOUN 's PART hand NOUN near ADP roads NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Young young ADJ Degree=Pos 2 children amod 2 children child NOUN Number=Plur 4 hold nsubj 3 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 hold aux 4 hold hold VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 adult det 6 adult adult NOUN Number=Sing 8 hand nmod:poss 7 's 's PART _ 6 adult case 8 hand hand NOUN Number=Sing 4 hold obj 9 near near ADP _ 10 roads case 10 roads road NOUN Number=Plur 4 hold obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 hold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold must Young children a adult's hand roads vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent hand=Theme near road=Location
Example 6 Mia is two years younger than her cousin.
nsubj cop nummod obl:unmarked case nmod:poss obl punct root Mia PROPN is AUX two NUM years NOUN younger ADJ than ADP her PRON cousin NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mia Mia PROPN Number=Sing 5 younger nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 younger cop 3 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 years nummod 4 years year NOUN Number=Plur 5 younger obl:unmarked 5 younger young ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 6 than than ADP _ 8 cousin case 7 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 cousin nmod:poss 8 cousin cousin NOUN Number=Sing 5 younger obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 younger punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Mia year than Mia's cousin; young property tree rules
Example 7 Birds bring worms to feed their young.
nsubj obj mark advcl nmod:poss obj punct root Birds NOUN bring VERB worms NOUN to PART feed VERB their PRON young NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Birds bird NOUN Number=Plur 2 bring nsubj 2 bring bring VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 worms worm NOUN Number=Plur 2 bring obj 4 to to PART _ 5 feed mark 5 feed feed VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 bring advcl 6 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 young nmod:poss 7 young young NOUN Number=Sing 5 feed obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 bring punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bring present Birds worms vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument worm=Destination 2 feed to-infinitive Birds not said here Birds's young vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent young=Recipient
Example 8 The young tree has thin branches.
det amod nsubj amod obj punct root The DET young ADJ tree NOUN has VERB thin ADJ branches NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 tree det 2 young young ADJ Degree=Pos 3 tree amod 3 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 4 has nsubj 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 thin thin ADJ Degree=Pos 6 branches amod 6 branches branch NOUN Number=Plur 4 has obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the young tree thin branches vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent branch=Patient
Example 9 Did you see the young lady?"
aux nsubj det amod obj punct punct root Did AUX you PRON see VERB the DET young ADJ lady NOUN ? PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 see aux 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 see nsubj 3 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 lady det 5 young young ADJ Degree=Pos 6 lady amod 6 lady lady NOUN Number=Sing 3 see obj 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 see punct 8 " " PUNCT _ 3 see punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see past · do-support you the young lady vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer lady=Stimulus
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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