קָשָׁה

Who acts: you, vb, they, he · What happens: be, stiffen, make

«קָשָׁה‎» in the Tanakh dictionary: its 3 English meanings, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its verses: קָשָׁה‎ in the Tanakh dictionary.

Meaning (OSHB)

be hard

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	be	be	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 be	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	be	imperative	you not said here					hard property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning (BDB 1906)

vb. be hard, severe, fierce Pi.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	vb	vb	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 hard	nsubj
2	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 vb	punct
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 hard	cop
4	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 severe	punct
6	severe	severe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 hard	conj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 Pi	punct
8	fierce	fierce	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 Pi	amod
9	Pi	pi	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 hard	conj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 hard	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	infinitive	vb					hard property	tree rules
2	be		vb not said here						tree rules

MACULA's glosses

they stiffened; he made hard; it is hard

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 stiffened	nsubj
2	stiffened	stiffen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	;	;	PUNCT	_	5 made	punct
4	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 made	nsubj
5	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 stiffened	conj
6	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 made	xcomp
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	10 hard	punct
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 hard	expl
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 hard	cop
10	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 stiffened	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	stiffen	past	they		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	make	past	he	hard property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	is	present	they not said here	hard property	tree rules

Text: the English meanings of the Tanakh dictionary: the OpenScriptures lexical index (CC BY 4.0), Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906 (public domain, via Sefaria) as their short meanings, and MACULA Hebrew's glosses (CC BY 4.0) when they read as English; the whole entries, dense with abbreviations and Hebrew, are not parsed. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Trees and frames: Elamur Cosmic License.

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