Daniel 7:23 דָּנִיֵּאל

Who acts: judgment, fourth beast, earth · What happens: say, be, devour, tread down, break · To what, where: fourth kingdom, kingdoms, whole earth, earth, pieces · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Daniel 7:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Biblical Aramaic as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Aramaic — and its pragmatics: who acts — judgment, fourth beast, earth — and what happens in the verse to fourth kingdom, kingdoms, whole earth, earth, pieces, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Daniel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

כֵּן֮ אֲמַר֒ חֵֽיוְתָא֙ רְבִיעָ֣יְתָ֔א מַלְכ֤וּ רְבִיעָאָה֙ תֶּהֱוֵ֣א בְאַרְעָ֔א דִּ֥י תִשְׁנֵ֖א מִן־כָּל־מַלְכְוָתָ֑א וְתֵאכֻל֙ כָּל־אַרְעָ֔א וּתְדוּשִׁנַּ֖הּ וְתַדְּקִנַּֽהּ׃

Thus he said: 'The fourth beast shall be a fourth kingdom upon earth, which shall be diverse from all the kingdoms, and shall devour the whole earth, and shall tread it down, and break it in pieces.

The tree

This verse is in Biblical Aramaic, as the book has it here; its tree is MACULA's Aramaic tree. Right to left, as it is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	כֵּן֮	כֵּן	ADV	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 אֲמַר֒	advmod	as follows
2	אֲמַר֒	אֲמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PEAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he said
3	חֵֽיוְת	חֵיוָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	7 מַלְכ֤וּ	nsubj	the
4	ָא֙	א	DET	PronType=Art	3 חֵֽיוְת	det	beast
5	רְבִיעָ֣יְת	רְבִיעִי	NUM	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	3 חֵֽיוְת	nummod	(the)
6	ָ֔א	א	DET	PronType=Art	5 רְבִיעָ֣יְת	det	fourth
7	מַלְכ֤וּ	מַלְכוּ	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	2 אֲמַר֒	ccomp	a kingdom
8	רְבִיעָ	רְבִיעִי	NUM	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	7 מַלְכ֤וּ	nummod	fourth
9	אָה֙	אָה	DET	PronType=Art	8 רְבִיעָ	det	fourth
10	תֶּהֱוֵ֣א	הוה	AUX	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=PEAL Number=Sing Person=3	7 מַלְכ֤וּ	cop	it will be
11	בְ	בְּ	ADP	_	12 אַרְע	case	on
12	אַרְע	אֲרַע	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	7 מַלְכ֤וּ	nmod	the
13	ָ֔א	א	DET	PronType=Art	12 אַרְע	det	earth
14	דִּ֥י	דִּי	SCONJ	_	15 תִשְׁנֵ֖א	mark	which
15	תִשְׁנֵ֖א	שׁנה	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=PEAL Number=Sing Person=3	7 מַלְכ֤וּ	acl:relcl	it will be different
16	מִן־	מִן	ADP	_	17 כָּל־	case	from
17	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=PEAL Number=Sing Person=3	15 תִשְׁנֵ֖א	obl	all
18	מַלְכְוָת	מַלְכוּ	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	17 כָּל־	compound:smixut	the
19	ָ֑א	א	DET	PronType=Art	18 מַלְכְוָת	det	kingdoms
20	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	21 תֵאכֻל֙	cc	and
21	תֵאכֻל֙	אֲכַל	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=PEAL Number=Sing Person=3	7 מַלְכ֤וּ	conj	it will devour
22	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	21 תֵאכֻל֙	obj	all
23	אַרְע	אֲרַע	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	22 כָּל־	compound:smixut	the
24	ָ֔א	א	DET	PronType=Art	23 אַרְע	det	earth
25	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	26 תְדוּשִׁנּ	cc	and
26	תְדוּשִׁנּ	דּוּשׁ	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=PEAL Number=Sing Person=3	21 תֵאכֻל֙	conj	it
27	ַ֖הּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	26 תְדוּשִׁנּ	obj	will tread it down
28	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	29 תַדְּקִנּ	cc	and
29	תַדְּקִנּ	דְּקַק	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=APHEL Number=Sing Person=3	21 תֵאכֻל֙	conj	it
30	ַֽהּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	29 תַדְּקִנּ	obj	will shatter it
31	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	30 ַֽהּ	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
אֲמַר he said	qatal · peal
תֶּהֱוֵא it will be	yiqtol · peal	חֵֽיוְת the
תִשְׁנֵא it will be different	yiqtol · peal	מַלְכוּ a kingdom
תֵאכֻל it will devour	yiqtol · peal	חֵֽיוְת the	אַרְע the
תְדוּשִׁנּ it	yiqtol · peal	חֵֽיוְת the	ַהּ will tread it down
תַדְּקִנּ it	yiqtol · aphel	חֵֽיוְת the	ַֽהּ will shatter it

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Thus he said: 'The fourth beast shall be a fourth kingdom upon earth, which shall be diverse from all the kingdoms, and shall devour the whole earth, and shall tread it down, and break it in pieces.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc-arc:DAN:194.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.7.23/