Ecclesiastes 1:14 קֹהֶלֶת
Who acts: I, all · What happens: see, do, be · To what, where: works, sun, vanity
This is Ecclesiastes 1:14 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, all — and what happens in the verse to works, sun, vanity, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Ecclesiastes on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
רָאִ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַֽמַּעֲשִׂ֔ים שֶֽׁנַּעֲשׂ֖וּ תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ וְהִנֵּ֥ה הַכֹּ֛ל הֶ֖בֶל וּרְע֥וּת רֽוּחַ׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | רָאִ֙יתִי֙ | רָאָה | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1 | root | root | I have seen |
| 2 | אֶת־ | אֵת | ADP | _ | 3 כָּל־ | case | (et) |
| 3 | כָּל־ | כֹּל | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 1 רָאִ֙יתִי֙ | obj | all |
| 4 | הַֽ | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 5 מַּעֲשִׂ֔ים | det | the |
| 5 | מַּעֲשִׂ֔ים | מַעֲשֶׂה | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 3 כָּל־ | compound:smixut | works |
| 6 | שֶֽׁ | שֶׁ | SCONJ | _ | 7 נַּעֲשׂ֖וּ | mark | which |
| 7 | נַּעֲשׂ֖וּ | עָשָׂה | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3 | 3 כָּל־ | acl:relcl | they have been done |
| 8 | תַּ֣חַת | תַּחַת | NOUN | _ | 7 נַּעֲשׂ֖וּ | obl | under |
| 9 | הַ | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 10 שָּׁ֑מֶשׁ | det | the |
| 10 | שָּׁ֑מֶשׁ | שֶׁמֶשׁ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 תַּ֣חַת | compound:smixut | sun |
| 11 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 15 הֶ֖בֶל | cc | and |
| 12 | הִנֵּ֥ה | הִנֵּה | INTJ | _ | 15 הֶ֖בֶל | discourse | there! |
| 13 | הַ | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 14 כֹּ֛ל | det | (the) |
| 14 | כֹּ֛ל | כֹּל | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 15 הֶ֖בֶל | nsubj | everything |
| 15 | הֶ֖בֶל | הֶבֶל | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 1 רָאִ֙יתִי֙ | conj | [is] futility |
| 16 | וּ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 17 רְע֥וּת | cc | and |
| 17 | רְע֥וּת | רְעוּת | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 15 הֶ֖בֶל | conj | striving |
| 18 | רֽוּחַ | רוּחַ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 רְע֥וּת | compound:smixut | of wind |
| 19 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 18 רֽוּחַ | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| רָאִיתִי I have seen | qatal · qal | מַּעֲשִׂים works | |||
| נַּעֲשׂוּ they have been done | qatal · niphal | מַּעֲשִׂים works |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
The Targum
חֲזֵיתִי יָת כָּל עוֹבָדֵי בְּנֵי אֱנָשָׁא דְּאִתְעֲבִידוּ תְּחוֹת שִׁמְשָׁא בְּעַלְמָא הָדֵין וְהָא כּוֹלָא הַבְלוּ וּתְבִירוּת רוּחָא:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:ECC:13.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.1.14/