Ecclesiastes 1:3 קֹהֶלֶת
Who acts: man · What happens: have, labour · To what, where: profit, sun
This is Ecclesiastes 1:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — man — and what happens in the verse to profit, sun, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Ecclesiastes on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
מַה־יִּתְר֖וֹן לָֽאָדָ֑ם בְּכָל־עֲמָל֔וֹ שֶֽׁיַּעֲמֹ֖ל תַּ֥חַת הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃
What profit hath man of all his labour wherein he laboureth under the sun?
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | מַה־ | מָה | PRON | PronType=Int | root | root | what? |
| 2 | יִּתְר֖וֹן | יִתְרוֹן | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 1 מַה־ | nsubj | advantage |
| 3 | לָֽ | לְ | ADP | _ | 5 אָדָ֑ם | case | [belongs] to |
| 4 | ה | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 5 אָדָ֑ם | det | (the) |
| 5 | אָדָ֑ם | אָדָם | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 1 מַה־ | obl | humankind |
| 6 | בְּ | בְּ | ADP | _ | 7 כָל־ | case | in |
| 7 | כָל־ | כֹּל | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 1 מַה־ | obl | all |
| 8 | עֲמָל | עָמָל | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 כָל־ | compound:smixut | toil |
| 9 | ֔וֹ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 עֲמָל | nmod:poss | his |
| 10 | שֶֽׁ | שֶׁ | SCONJ | _ | 11 יַּעֲמֹ֖ל | mark | which |
| 11 | יַּעֲמֹ֖ל | עָמַל | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 7 כָל־ | acl:relcl | he toils |
| 12 | תַּ֥חַת | תַּחַת | NOUN | _ | 11 יַּעֲמֹ֖ל | obl | under |
| 13 | הַ | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 14 שָּֽׁמֶשׁ | det | the |
| 14 | שָּֽׁמֶשׁ | שֶׁמֶשׁ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 תַּ֥חַת | compound:smixut | sun |
| 15 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 14 שָּֽׁמֶשׁ | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- wh-question
- act
- ask
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| יַּעֲמֹל he toils | yiqtol · qal | עֲמָל toil |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
The Targum
מַה מוֹתַר אִית לֶאֱנָשׁ בָּתַר דִי יָמוּת מִן כָּל טוֹרְחֵי דְּהוּא טָרַח תְּחוֹת שִׁמְשָׁא בְּעַלְמָא הָדֵין אֱלָהֵן לְמֶעֱסַק בְּאוֹרַיְיתָא לְקַבָּלָא אֲגִיר שְׁלִים לְעַלְמָא דְּאָתֵי קֳדָם מָרֵי עָלְמָא:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:ECC:2.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.1.3/