Ecclesiastes 1:2 קֹהֶלֶת
Who acts: Koheleth, vanity · What happens: say, be · To what, where: vanity · Speech: someone speaks in this verse
This is Ecclesiastes 1:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Koheleth, vanity — and what happens in the verse to vanity, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Ecclesiastes on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
הֲבֵ֤ל הֲבָלִים֙ אָמַ֣ר קֹהֶ֔לֶת הֲבֵ֥ל הֲבָלִ֖ים הַכֹּ֥ל הָֽבֶל׃
Vanity of vanities, saith Koheleth; vanity of vanities, all is vanity.
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | הֲבֵ֤ל | הֶבֶל | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | root | root | futility |
| 2 | הֲבָלִים֙ | הֶבֶל | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 1 הֲבֵ֤ל | compound:smixut | of futilities |
| 3 | אָמַ֣ר | אָמַר | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 1 הֲבֵ֤ל | parataxis | he said |
| 4 | קֹהֶ֔לֶת | קֹהֶלֶת | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 3 אָמַ֣ר | nsubj | Teacher |
| 5 | הֲבֵ֥ל | הֶבֶל | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 3 אָמַ֣ר | ccomp | futility |
| 6 | הֲבָלִ֖ים | הֶבֶל | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 5 הֲבֵ֥ל | compound:smixut | of futilities |
| 7 | הַ | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 8 כֹּ֥ל | det | (the) |
| 8 | כֹּ֥ל | כֹּל | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 9 הָֽבֶל | nsubj | everything |
| 9 | הָֽבֶל | הֶבֶל | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 5 הֲבֵ֥ל | parataxis | [is] futility |
| 10 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 9 הָֽבֶל | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- speech
- a frame and its quote
- negation
- no
- the frame alone
- decl · assert · none
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| אָמַר he said | qatal · qal | קֹהֶלֶת Teacher |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
The Targum
כַּד חֲזָא שְׁלֹמֹה מַלְכָּא דְּיִשְׂרָאֵל בְּרוּחַ נְבוּאָה יָת מַלְכוּת רְחַבְעָם בְּרֵיהּ דְעָתִיד לְאִתְפַּלְגָא עִם יָרָבְעָם בַּר נְבָט וְיָת יְרוּשְׁלֵם וּבֵית מוּקְדְשָׁא דְאִינוּן עֲתִידִין לְמֶחֱרַב וְיָת בְנֵי עַמָּא בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל דִי אִינוּן עֲתִידִין לְמִגְלֵי אָמַר בְּמֵימְרֵיהּ הֲבֵל הֲבָלַיָא עַלְמָא הָדֵין הֲבֵל הֲבָלַיָא כָּל מַה דִּטְרָחִית אֲנָא וְדָוִד אַבָּא כּוּלֵיה הֲבַלוּ:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:ECC:1.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.1.2/