Ecclesiastes 1:9 קֹהֶלֶת

Who acts: That, nothing · What happens: be, do · To what, where: That, sun.

This is Ecclesiastes 1:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — That, nothing — and what happens in the verse to That, sun., read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Ecclesiastes on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

מַה־שֶּֽׁהָיָה֙ ה֣וּא שֶׁיִּהְיֶ֔ה וּמַה־שֶׁנַּֽעֲשָׂ֔ה ה֖וּא שֶׁיֵּעָשֶׂ֑ה וְאֵ֥ין כָּל־חָדָ֖שׁ תַּ֥חַת הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃

That which hath been is that which shall be, and that which hath been done is that which shall be done; and there is nothing new under the sun.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	מַה־	מָה	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root	whatever
2	שֶּֽׁ	שֶׁ	SCONJ	_	3 הָיָה֙	mark	(that) it
3	הָיָה֙	הָיָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	1 מַה־	acl:relcl	has been
4	ה֣וּא	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 מַה־	nsubj	it
5	שֶׁ	שֶׁ	SCONJ	_	6 יִּהְיֶ֔ה	mark	[is
6	יִּהְיֶ֔ה	הָיָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	4 ה֣וּא	acl:relcl	that] which it will be
7	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	8 מַה־	cc	and
8	מַה־	מָה	PRON	PronType=Int	1 מַה־	conj	whatever
9	שֶׁ	שֶׁ	SCONJ	_	10 נַּֽעֲשָׂ֔ה	mark	(that) it
10	נַּֽעֲשָׂ֔ה	עָשָׂה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3	8 מַה־	acl:relcl	has been done
11	ה֖וּא	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 מַה־	nsubj	it
12	שֶׁ	שֶׁ	SCONJ	_	13 יֵּעָשֶׂ֑ה	mark	[is
13	יֵּעָשֶׂ֑ה	עָשָׂה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3	11 ה֖וּא	acl:relcl	that] which it will be done
14	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	15 אֵ֥ין	cc	and
15	אֵ֥ין	אַיִן	ADV	_	1 מַה־	conj	there [is] not
16	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 אֵ֥ין	nsubj	any
17	חָדָ֖שׁ	חָדָשׁ	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 כָּל־	compound:smixut	new [thing]
18	תַּ֥חַת	תַּחַת	NOUN	_	15 אֵ֥ין	obl	under
19	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	20 שָּֽׁמֶשׁ	det	the
20	שָּֽׁמֶשׁ	שֶׁמֶשׁ	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 תַּ֥חַת	compound:smixut	sun
21	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	20 שָּֽׁמֶשׁ	punct

Pragmatics

form: wh-question
act: ask
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
הָיָה has been	qatal · qal	מַה־ whatever
יִּהְיֶה that] which it will be	yiqtol · qal	הוּא it
נַּֽעֲשָׂה has been done	qatal · niphal		מַה־ whatever
יֵּעָשֶׂה that] which it will be done	yiqtol · niphal		הוּא it

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

The Targum

מַה דַּהֲוָת מִן קַדְמָתָא הוּא עָתִיד לְמֶהֱוֵי בָּתַר כֵּן וּמָה דְּאִתְעֲבִיד מִן קַדְמַת דְּנָא הוּא עָתִיד לְאִתְעוֹבָדָא עַד סוֹף כָּל דָּרֵי עַלְמָא וְלֵית כְּלוּם פִּתְגַם חֲדַת בְּעַלְמָא הָדֵין תְּחוֹת שִׁמְשָׁא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

That which hath been is that which shall be, and that which hath been done is that which shall be done; and there is nothing new under the sun.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ECC:8.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.1.9/