Ecclesiastes 2:18 קֹהֶלֶת

Who acts: I, man · What happens: hate, labour, see, leave, be · To what, where: labour, sun · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Ecclesiastes 2:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, man — and what happens in the verse to labour, sun, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Ecclesiastes on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְשָׂנֵ֤אתִֽי אֲנִי֙ אֶת־כָּל־עֲמָלִ֔י שֶׁאֲנִ֥י עָמֵ֖ל תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ שֶׁ֣אַנִּיחֶ֔נּוּ לָאָדָ֖ם שֶׁיִּהְיֶ֥ה אַחֲרָֽי׃

And I hated all my labour wherein I laboured under the sun, seeing that I must leave it unto the man that shall be after me.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 שָׂנֵ֤אתִֽי	cc	and
2	שָׂנֵ֤אתִֽי	שָׂנֵא	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	root	root	I hated
3	אֲנִי֙	אֲנִי	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 שָׂנֵ֤אתִֽי	nsubj	I
4	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	5 כָּל־	case	(et)
5	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 שָׂנֵ֤אתִֽי	obj	all
6	עֲמָל	עָמָל	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 כָּל־	compound:smixut	toil
7	ִ֔י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	6 עֲמָל	nmod:poss	my
8	שֶׁ	שֶׁ	SCONJ	_	10 עָמֵ֖ל	mark	which
9	אֲנִ֥י	אֲנִי	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	10 עָמֵ֖ל	nsubj	I
10	עָמֵ֖ל	עָמֵל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 כָּל־	acl:relcl	[was] toiling
11	תַּ֣חַת	תַּחַת	NOUN	_	10 עָמֵ֖ל	obl	under
12	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	13 שָּׁ֑מֶשׁ	det	the
13	שָּׁ֑מֶשׁ	שֶׁמֶשׁ	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 תַּ֣חַת	compound:smixut	sun
14	שֶׁ֣	שֶׁ	SCONJ	_	15 אַנִּיח	mark	that
15	אַנִּיח	נוח	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=1	5 כָּל־	acl:relcl	I
16	ֶ֔נּוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 אַנִּיח	obj	will leave it
17	לָ	לְ	ADP	_	19 אָדָ֖ם	case	to
18	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	19 אָדָ֖ם	det	the
19	אָדָ֖ם	אָדָם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 אַנִּיח	obl	person
20	שֶׁ	שֶׁ	SCONJ	_	23 ָֽי	mark	who
21	יִּהְיֶ֥ה	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	23 ָֽי	cop	he will be
22	אַחֲר	אַחַר	ADP	_	23 ָֽי	case	after
23	ָֽי	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	19 אָדָ֖ם	acl:relcl	me
24	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	23 ָֽי	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
שָׂנֵאתִֽי I hated	qatal · qal	אֲנִי I	עֲמָל toil
אַנִּיח I	yiqtol · hiphil	ֶנּוּ will leave it
יִּהְיֶה he will be	yiqtol · qal

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

The Targum

וְסַנֵיתִי אֲנָא יָת כָּל טַרְחוֹתִי דִי טְרָחִית תְּחוֹת שִׁמְשָׁא בְּעַלְמָא הָדֵין בְּגִין דְּאִשְׁבְּקִינֵּיהּ לִרְחַבְעָם בְּרִי דְּאָתֵי בַּתְרֵי וְיֵיתֵי יָרָבְעָם עַבְדֵּיהּ וְיִסַּב מִן יְדוֹי עֲשַׂרְתֵּי שִׁבְטַיָּא וְיַחְסִין פַּלְגוּת מַלְכוּתָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And I hated all my labour wherein I laboured under the sun, seeing that I must leave it unto the man that shall be after me.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ECC:35.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.2.18/