Ecclesiastes 3:21 קֹהֶלֶת

Who acts: spirit · What happens: know, go · To what, where: spirit, earth · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Ecclesiastes 3:21 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — spirit — and what happens in the verse to spirit, earth, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Ecclesiastes on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

מִ֣י יוֹדֵ֗עַ ר֚וּחַ בְּנֵ֣י הָאָדָ֔ם הָעֹלָ֥ה הִ֖יא לְמָ֑עְלָה וְר֙וּחַ֙ הַבְּהֵמָ֔ה הַיֹּרֶ֥דֶת הִ֖יא לְמַ֥טָּה לָאָֽרֶץ׃

Who knoweth the spirit of man whether it goeth upward, and the spirit of the beast whether it goeth downward to the earth?

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	מִ֣י	מִי	PRON	PronType=Int	2 יוֹדֵ֗עַ	nsubj	who?
2	יוֹדֵ֗עַ	יָדַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	root	root	[is] knowing
3	ר֚וּחַ	רוּחַ	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 יוֹדֵ֗עַ	ccomp	the spirit
4	בְּנֵ֣י	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	3 ר֚וּחַ	compound:smixut	of the children
5	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 אָדָ֔ם	det	of (the)
6	אָדָ֔ם	אָדָם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 בְּנֵ֣י	compound:smixut	humankind
7	הָ	הַ	SCONJ	_	8 עֹלָ֥ה	mark	[which
8	עֹלָ֥ה	עָלָה	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	3 ר֚וּחַ	parataxis	is] going up
9	הִ֖יא	הִיא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 עֹלָ֥ה	nsubj	it
10	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	11 מָ֑עְל	case	(to)
11	מָ֑עְל	מַעַל	ADV	_	8 עֹלָ֥ה	obl	upwards
12	ָה	ה	X	_	11 מָ֑עְל	nmod
13	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	14 ר֙וּחַ֙	cc	and
14	ר֙וּחַ֙	רוּחַ	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 ר֚וּחַ	conj	the spirit
15	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	16 בְּהֵמָ֔ה	det	of
16	בְּהֵמָ֔ה	בְּהֵמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	14 ר֙וּחַ֙	compound:smixut	the animal[s]
17	הַ	הַ	SCONJ	_	18 יֹּרֶ֥דֶת	mark	[which
18	יֹּרֶ֥דֶת	יָרַד	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	3 ר֚וּחַ	parataxis	is] going down
19	הִ֖יא	הִיא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 יֹּרֶ֥דֶת	nsubj	it
20	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	21 מַ֥טָּה	case	(to)
21	מַ֥טָּה	מַטָּה	ADV	_	18 יֹּרֶ֥דֶת	obl	downwards
22	לָ	לְ	ADP	_	24 אָֽרֶץ	case	to
23	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	24 אָֽרֶץ	det	the
24	אָֽרֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 יֹּרֶ֥דֶת	obl	earth
25	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	24 אָֽרֶץ	punct

Pragmatics

form: wh-question
act: ask
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יוֹדֵעַ [is] knowing	participle active · qal	מִי who?	עֹלָה is] going up + יֹּרֶדֶת is] going down
עֹלָה is] going up	participle active · qal	רוּחַ the spirit
יֹּרֶדֶת is] going down	participle active · qal	רוּחַ the spirit

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

The Targum

מַן הוּא חַכִּימָא דְּיֵדַּע אִין רוּחַ נִשְׁמְתָא בְנֵי אֱנָשָׁא הֲסָלְקָא הִיא לְעֵילָא לִרְקִיעָא וְרוּחַ נִשְׁמְתָא דִּבְעִירָא הֲנָחֲתָא הִיא לְרַע לְאַרְעָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Who knoweth the spirit of man whether it goeth upward, and the spirit of the beast whether it goeth downward to the earth?

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ECC:64.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.3.21/