Ecclesiastes 4:10 קֹהֶלֶת

Who acts: vanity, one, woe, fool · What happens: fall, lift up, be · To what, where: fellow, fool

This is Ecclesiastes 4:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — vanity, one, woe, fool — and what happens in the verse to fellow, fool, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Ecclesiastes on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

כִּ֣י אִם־יִפֹּ֔לוּ הָאֶחָ֖ד יָקִ֣ים אֶת־חֲבֵר֑וֹ וְאִ֣יל֗וֹ הָֽאֶחָד֙ שֶׁיִּפּ֔וֹל וְאֵ֥ין שֵׁנִ֖י לַהֲקִימֽוֹ׃

For if they fall, the one will lift up his fellow; but woe to him that is alone when he falleth, and hath not another to lift him up.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	כִּ֣י	כִּי	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	6 יָקִ֣ים	mark	(dm)
2	אִם־	אִם	SCONJ	_	1 כִּ֣י	fixed	if
3	יִפֹּ֔לוּ	נָפַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	6 יָקִ֣ים	advcl	they will fall down
4	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	5 אֶחָ֖ד	det	the
5	אֶחָ֖ד	אֶחָד	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 יָקִ֣ים	nsubj	one
6	יָקִ֣ים	קוּם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he will raise
7	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	8 חֲבֵר	case	(et)
8	חֲבֵר	חָבֵר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 יָקִ֣ים	obj	companion
9	֑וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 חֲבֵר	nmod:poss	his
10	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 ֗וֹ	cc	and
11	אִ֣י	אִי	INTJ	_	13 ֗וֹ	nsubj	woe!
12	ל	לְ	ADP	_	13 ֗וֹ	case	to
13	֗וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 יָקִ֣ים	conj	him
14	הָֽ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	15 אֶחָד֙	det	the one
15	אֶחָד֙	אֶחָד	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 ֗וֹ	appos	[person]
16	שֶׁ	שֶׁ	SCONJ	_	17 יִּפּ֔וֹל	mark	who
17	יִּפּ֔וֹל	נָפַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	15 אֶחָד֙	acl:relcl	he will fall down
18	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	19 אֵ֥ין	cc	and
19	אֵ֥ין	אַיִן	ADV	_	17 יִּפּ֔וֹל	conj	there [is] not
20	שֵׁנִ֖י	שֵׁנִי	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	19 אֵ֥ין	nsubj	a second [person]
21	לַ	לְ	ADP	_	22 הֲקִימ	case	to
22	הֲקִימ	קוּם	VERB	HebBinyan=HIPHIL	19 אֵ֥ין	advcl	raise
23	ֽוֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 הֲקִימ	obj	him
24	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	23 ֽוֹ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	who makes it happen (AA)
יִפֹּלוּ they will fall down	yiqtol · qal
יָקִים he will raise	yiqtol · hiphil	חֲבֵר companion	אֶחָד one
not יִּפּוֹל he will fall down	yiqtol · qal	אֶחָד [person]
הֲקִימ raise	infinitive construct · hiphil	ֽוֹ him	שֵׁנִי a second [person]

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

The Targum

אֲרוּם אֱלָהֵין אִין יִפּוֹל חַד מִנְּהוֹן עַל עַרְסָא וְיִשְׁכּוּב מְרַע חֲדָא יְקִים יָת חַבְרֵיהּ בִּצְלוֹתֵיהּ דְּאִלּוּ חַד דְּהוּא זַכַּאי בִּלְחוֹדוֹהִי בְּדָרֵיהּ בְּעִדָּן דִי יִפּוֹל עַל עַרְסֵיהּ וְיִשְׁכּוּב מְרַע לֵית לֵיהּ בְּדָרֵיהּ חָבֵר תִּנְיָן לְצַלָּאָה עֲלוֹהִי אֱלָהֵין בִּזְכוּתֵיהּ יְקוּם מִמַּרְעֵיהּ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

For if they fall, the one will lift up his fellow; but woe to him that is alone when he falleth, and hath not another to lift him up.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ECC:75.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.4.10/