Ecclesiastes 4:15 קֹהֶלֶת

Who acts: I, living, vanity, second · What happens: see, walk, be · To what, where: living, sun, stead

This is Ecclesiastes 4:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, living, vanity, second — and what happens in the verse to living, sun, stead, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Ecclesiastes on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

רָאִ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַ֣חַיִּ֔ים הַֽמְהַלְּכִ֖ים תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ עִ֚ם הַיֶּ֣לֶד הַשֵּׁנִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַעֲמֹ֖ד תַּחְתָּֽיו׃

I saw all the living that walk under the sun, that they were with the child, the second, that was to stand up in his stead.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	רָאִ֙יתִי֙	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	root	root	I saw
2	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	3 כָּל־	case	(et)
3	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 יֶּ֣לֶד	nsubj	all
4	הַ֣	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	5 חַיִּ֔ים	det	the
5	חַיִּ֔ים	חַי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	3 כָּל־	compound:smixut	living
6	הַֽ	הַ	SCONJ	_	7 מְהַלְּכִ֖ים	mark	[who
7	מְהַלְּכִ֖ים	הָלַךְ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Plur	3 כָּל־	acl:relcl	are] walking about
8	תַּ֣חַת	תַּחַת	NOUN	_	7 מְהַלְּכִ֖ים	obl	under
9	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	10 שָּׁ֑מֶשׁ	det	the
10	שָּׁ֑מֶשׁ	שֶׁמֶשׁ	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 תַּ֣חַת	compound:smixut	sun
11	עִ֚ם	עִם	ADP	_	13 יֶּ֣לֶד	case	with
12	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	13 יֶּ֣לֶד	det	the
13	יֶּ֣לֶד	יֶלֶד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	1 רָאִ֙יתִי֙	ccomp	youth
14	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	15 שֵּׁנִ֔י	det	(the)
15	שֵּׁנִ֔י	שֵׁנִי	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 יֶּ֣לֶד	nummod	second
16	אֲשֶׁ֥ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	17 יַעֲמֹ֖ד	mark	who
17	יַעֲמֹ֖ד	עָמַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	13 יֶּ֣לֶד	acl:relcl	he will arise
18	תַּחְתָּֽי	תַּחַת	NOUN	_	17 יַעֲמֹ֖ד	obl	in
19	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 תַּחְתָּֽי	nmod:poss	place of him
20	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	19 ו	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: speech with no frame
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
רָאִיתִי I saw	qatal · qal		יֶּלֶד youth
מְהַלְּכִים are] walking about	participle active · piel	חַיִּים living
יַעֲמֹד he will arise	yiqtol · qal	יֶּלֶד youth

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

The Targum

אֲמַר שְׁלֹמֹה מַלְכָּא בְּרוּחַ נְבוּאָה מִן קֳדָם יְיָ חֲזֵית יָת כָּל חַיַיָּא דְּאָזְלִין בְּטַפְשׁוּתְהוֹן לְסָרָבָא עַל רְחַבְעָם בְּרִי תְּחוֹת שְׁמַיָא וּמְפַלְּגִין לֵיהּ יָת מַלְכוּתָא לְאִתְיְהָבָא לְיָרָבְעָם בַּר נְבָט בְּרַם שִׁבְטָא דְּבִנְיָמִין וִיהוּדָה הֲוָה לִבְּהוֹן שְׁלִים עִם רָבְיָא הוּא רְחַבְעָם בְּרִי דַהֲוָה תִּנְיָן לְמַלְכוּתִי דִּיקוּם וְיִמְלוֹךְ בַּאֲתַר אַחְסָנְתֵיהּ בִּירוּשְׁלֵם:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

I saw all the living that walk under the sun, that they were with the child, the second, that was to stand up in his stead.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ECC:80.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.4.15/