Ecclesiastes 4:16 קֹהֶלֶת

Who acts: end, people, this · What happens: be, lead, come, not rejoice · To what, where: vanity

This is Ecclesiastes 4:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — end, people, this — and what happens in the verse to vanity, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Ecclesiastes on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

אֵֽין־קֵ֣ץ לְכָל־הָעָ֗ם לְכֹ֤ל אֲשֶׁר־הָיָה֙ לִפְנֵיהֶ֔ם גַּ֥ם הָאַחֲרוֹנִ֖ים לֹ֣א יִשְׂמְחוּ־ב֑וֹ כִּֽי־גַם־זֶ֥ה הֶ֖בֶל וְרַעְי֥וֹן רֽוּחַ׃

There was no end of all the people, even of all them whom he did lead; yet they that come after shall not rejoice in him. Surely this also is vanity and a striving after wind.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	אֵֽין־	אַיִן	ADV	_	root	root	there [is] not
2	קֵ֣ץ	קֵץ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	1 אֵֽין־	nsubj	an end
3	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	4 כָל־	case	to
4	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	1 אֵֽין־	obl	all
5	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 עָ֗ם	det	the
6	עָ֗ם	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 כָל־	compound:smixut	people
7	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	8 כֹ֤ל	case	to
8	כֹ֤ל	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 כָל־	nmod	all
9	אֲשֶׁר־	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	12 פְנֵי	mark	[those] whom
10	הָיָה֙	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	12 פְנֵי	cop	he was
11	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	12 פְנֵי	case	before
12	פְנֵי	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 כֹ֤ל	acl:relcl
13	הֶ֔ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 פְנֵי	nmod:poss	them
14	גַּ֥ם	גַּם	ADV	_	16 אַחֲרוֹנִ֖ים	advmod	also
15	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	16 אַחֲרוֹנִ֖ים	det	the subsequent
16	אַחֲרוֹנִ֖ים	אַחֲרוֹן	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	18 יִשְׂמְחוּ־	nsubj	[people]
17	לֹ֣א	לֹא	ADV	_	18 יִשְׂמְחוּ־	advmod	not
18	יִשְׂמְחוּ־	שָׂמַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	1 אֵֽין־	parataxis	they will rejoice
19	ב	בְּ	ADP	_	20 ֑וֹ	case	in
20	֑וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 יִשְׂמְחוּ־	obl	him
21	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	24 הֶ֖בֶל	mark	(dm)
22	גַם־	גַּם	ADV	_	23 זֶ֥ה	advmod	also
23	זֶ֥ה	זֶה	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing PronType=Dem	24 הֶ֖בֶל	nsubj	this
24	הֶ֖בֶל	הֶבֶל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	1 אֵֽין־	advcl	[is] futility
25	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	26 רַעְי֥וֹן	cc	and
26	רַעְי֥וֹן	רַעְיוֹן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	24 הֶ֖בֶל	conj	a striving
27	רֽוּחַ	רוּחַ	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 רַעְי֥וֹן	compound:smixut	of wind
28	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	27 רֽוּחַ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
הָיָה he was	qatal · qal
not יִשְׂמְחוּ־ they will rejoice	yiqtol · qal	אַחֲרוֹנִים [people]

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

The Targum

לֵית סוֹף לְכָל עַמָּא בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל לְכָל צַדִּיקַיָּא דַּהֲוָה מְדַבֵּר קֳדָמֵיהוֹן בְּרַם אִנּוּן יַעֲטוּהִי בְּחוּכְמְתָא לְמֵיקַל נִירָא מֵעִלָּוֵיהוֹן וּבְטִפְּשׁוּתֵיהּ אֲזַל וְאִתְיַעַט עִם עוּלֵימָא וְאִנּוּן יַעֲטוּהִי בְּטִפְּשׁוּתָא לְיַקָּרָא נִיר מַלְכוּתָא עַל עַמָּא בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל וּשְׁבַק מִלְכַת סָבַיָּא וַאֲזַל בְּמִלְכַת בָּתְרָאֵי בְּרַם אִנּוּן בָּתְרָאֵי תְּוָהוּ בָּתַר כֵּן לָא חֲדוּ בֵּיהּ וְאִנּוּן גָרְמוּ עֲלוֹהִי לְאִסְתַּקָּפָא לְמֶהֱוֵי מִתְפַּלְּגִין מִנֵּיהּ עֲשַׂרְתֵּי שִׁבְטַיָּא וּמְלוֹךְ עִלַוֵיהוֹן יָרָבְעָם חַיָּבָא אֲמָרִית אַף דֵּין הֲבָלוּ לִרְחַבְעָם בְּרִי וּתְבִירוּת רוּחָא לְדִילֵיה:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ECC:81.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.4.16/