Ecclesiastes 4:17 קֹהֶלֶת

Who acts: you, thou, foot, fools, sacrifices · What happens: guard, go, be, hearken, give, not know · To what, where: foot, house, sacrifices, evil · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Ecclesiastes 4:17 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, thou, foot, fools, sacrifices — and what happens in the verse to foot, house, sacrifices, evil, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Ecclesiastes on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

שְׁמֹ֣ר רַגְלְךָ֗ כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר תֵּלֵךְ֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ית הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וְקָר֣וֹב לִשְׁמֹ֔עַ מִתֵּ֥ת הַכְּסִילִ֖ים זָ֑בַח כִּֽי־אֵינָ֥ם יוֹדְעִ֖ים לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת רָֽע׃

Guard thy foot when thou goest to the house of God, and be ready to hearken: it is better than when fools give sacrifices; for they know not that they do evil.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	שְׁמֹ֣ר	שָׁמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	root	root	guard
2	רַגְל	רֶגֶל	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	1 שְׁמֹ֣ר	obj	foot
3	ְךָ֗	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	2 רַגְל	nmod:poss	your
4	כַּ	כְּ	ADP	_	1 שְׁמֹ֣ר	obl	when
5	אֲשֶׁ֤ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	6 תֵּלֵךְ֙	mark
6	תֵּלֵךְ֙	הלך	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	4 כַּ	acl:relcl	you will go
7	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	8 בֵּ֣ית	case	to
8	בֵּ֣ית	בַּיִת	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 תֵּלֵךְ֙	obl	the house
9	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	10 אֱלֹהִ֔ים	det	of (the)
10	אֱלֹהִ֔ים	אֱלֹהִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	8 בֵּ֣ית	compound:smixut	God
11	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 קָר֣וֹב	cc	and
12	קָר֣וֹב	קָרֹב	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	1 שְׁמֹ֣ר	conj	draw near
13	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	14 שְׁמֹ֔עַ	case	to
14	שְׁמֹ֔עַ	שָׁמַע	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	12 קָר֣וֹב	advcl	listen
15	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	16 תֵּ֥ת	case	more
16	תֵּ֥ת	נָתַן	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	12 קָר֣וֹב	advcl	than to give
17	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	18 כְּסִילִ֖ים	det	the
18	כְּסִילִ֖ים	כְּסִיל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	16 תֵּ֥ת	nsubj	fools
19	זָ֑בַח	זֶבַח	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 תֵּ֥ת	obj	a sacrifice
20	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	23 יוֹדְעִ֖ים	mark	(dm)
21	אֵינ	אַיִן	ADV	_	23 יוֹדְעִ֖ים	advmod	not
22	ָ֥ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 יוֹדְעִ֖ים	nsubj	they
23	יוֹדְעִ֖ים	יָדַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	1 שְׁמֹ֣ר	advcl	[are] knowing
24	לַ	לְ	ADP	_	25 עֲשׂ֥וֹת	case	to
25	עֲשׂ֥וֹת	עָשָׂה	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	23 יוֹדְעִ֖ים	advcl	do
26	רָֽע	רַע	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	25 עֲשׂ֥וֹת	obj	evil
27	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	26 רָֽע	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
שְׁמֹר guard	imperative · qal		רַגְל foot
תֵּלֵךְ you will go	yiqtol · qal
קָרוֹב draw near	infinitive absolute · qal
שְׁמֹעַ listen	infinitive construct · qal
תֵּת than to give	infinitive construct · qal	כְּסִילִים fools	זָבַח a sacrifice
not יוֹדְעִים [are] knowing	participle active · qal	ָם they
עֲשׂוֹת do	infinitive construct · qal	כְּסִילִים fools	רָֽע evil

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

The Targum

אַנְתְּ בַּר נָשָׁא טַר רִגְלָךְ בְּעִדָּן דְּתֵיזִיל לְבֵית מוּקְדְּשָׁא דַּיָי לְצַלָּאָה דְּלָא תְהָךְ תַּמָּן מְלֵא חוֹבִין עַד לָא תְתוּב וּתְהֵי מְקָרֵיב אוּדְנָךְ לְקַבָּלָא אוּלְפַן אוֹרָיְתָא מִן כָּהֲנַיָּא וְחַכִּימַיָּא וְלָא תְהֵי כְּטִפְּשַׁיָּא דִּמְקָרְבִין קוּרְבָּנָא עַל חוֹבֵיהוֹן וְלָא תָּיְבִין מִן עוֹבָדֵיהוֹן בִּישַׁיָּא דַּאֲחִידִין בִּידֵיהוֹן וְלֵיתוֹהִי מְקַבֵּל בְּרַעֲוָא אֲרוּם לֵיתֵיהוֹן יָדְעִין לְמֶעֱבַד [בְּהוֹן] בֵּין טָב לְבִישׁ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Guard thy foot when thou goest to the house of God, and be ready to hearken: it is better than when fools give sacrifices; for they know not that they do evil.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ECC:82.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.4.17/