Esther 8:10 אֶסְתֵּר

Who acts: scribes, king · What happens: write, seal, send, ride, use, breed · To what, where: name, hand, letters, swift steeds, service, king Ahasuerus

This is Esther 8:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — scribes, king — and what happens in the verse to name, hand, letters, swift steeds, service, king Ahasuerus, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Esther on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיִּכְתֹּ֗ב בְּשֵׁם֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרֹ֔שׁ וַיַּחְתֹּ֖ם בְּטַבַּ֣עַת הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח סְפָרִ֡ים בְּיַד֩ הָרָצִ֨ים בַּסּוּסִ֜ים רֹכְבֵ֤י הָרֶ֙כֶשׁ֙ הָֽאֲחַשְׁתְּרָנִ֔ים בְּנֵ֖י הָֽרַמָּכִֽים׃

And they wrote in the name of king Ahasuerus, and sealed it with the king's ring, and sent letters by posts on horseback, riding on swift steeds that were used in the king's service, bred of the stud;

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּכְתֹּ֗ב	cc	and
2	יִּכְתֹּ֗ב	כָּתַב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he wrote
3	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	4 שֵׁם֙	case	in
4	שֵׁם֙	שֵׁם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יִּכְתֹּ֗ב	obl	the name
5	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 מֶּ֣לֶךְ	det	of
6	מֶּ֣לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 שֵׁם֙	compound:smixut	the king
7	אֲחַשְׁוֵרֹ֔שׁ	אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ	PROPN	_	6 מֶּ֣לֶךְ	appos	Ahasuerus
8	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 יַּחְתֹּ֖ם	cc	and
9	יַּחְתֹּ֖ם	חָתַם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יִּכְתֹּ֗ב	conj	he sealed [it]
10	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	11 טַבַּ֣עַת	case	with
11	טַבַּ֣עַת	טַבַּעַת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	9 יַּחְתֹּ֖ם	obl	the signet-ring
12	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	13 מֶּ֑לֶךְ	det	of
13	מֶּ֑לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 טַבַּ֣עַת	compound:smixut	the king
14	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	15 יִּשְׁלַ֣ח	cc	and
15	יִּשְׁלַ֣ח	שָׁלַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יִּכְתֹּ֗ב	conj	he sent
16	סְפָרִ֡ים	סֵפֶר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	15 יִּשְׁלַ֣ח	obj	letters
17	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	18 יַד֩	case	by
18	יַד֩	יָד	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 יִּשְׁלַ֣ח	obl	the hand
19	הָ	הַ	SCONJ	_	20 רָצִ֨ים	mark	of (the)
20	רָצִ֨ים	רוּץ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	18 יַד֩	compound:smixut	runners
21	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	23 סּוּסִ֜ים	case	on
22	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	23 סּוּסִ֜ים	det	(the)
23	סּוּסִ֜ים	סוּס	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	20 רָצִ֨ים	obl	horses
24	רֹכְבֵ֤י	רָכַב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	20 רָצִ֨ים	appos	[who] rode
25	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	26 רֶ֙כֶשׁ֙	det	of
26	רֶ֙כֶשׁ֙	רֶכֶשׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	24 רֹכְבֵ֤י	compound:smixut	the steed[s]
27	הָֽ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	28 אֲחַשְׁתְּרָנִ֔ים	det	(the)
28	אֲחַשְׁתְּרָנִ֔ים	אֲחַשְׁתְּרָן	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	26 רֶ֙כֶשׁ֙	appos	royal
29	בְּנֵ֖י	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	28 אֲחַשְׁתְּרָנִ֔ים	appos	the sons
30	הָֽ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	31 רַמָּכִֽים	det	of
31	רַמָּכִֽים	רַמָּכָה	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	29 בְּנֵ֖י	compound:smixut	the mares
32	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	31 רַמָּכִֽים	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יִּכְתֹּב he wrote	wayyiqtol · qal
יַּחְתֹּם he sealed [it]	wayyiqtol · qal
יִּשְׁלַח he sent	wayyiqtol · qal		סְפָרִים letters
רֹכְבֵי [who] rode	participle active · qal	רָצִים runners	רֶכֶשׁ the steed[s]

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

The Targum

וְאִכְּתַב בְּשׁוּם מֵימְרָא דְמַלְכָּא אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ וְאִסְתְּתַם בְּעִזְקַת סְטוּמְתָּא דְמַלְכָּא וּשְׁלַח פִּטְקִין בִּידָא דִרְהִטָנִין רָהֲטֵי סוּסְוָן וְרִכְבֵי רִכְסָא עַרְטוּלְיָנֵי רַמָכִין דְאִתְנְטִילוּ טְחוֹלֵיהוֹן וְאִתְקַדַרוּ פִּסַת כַּף רִגְלֵיהוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And they wrote in the name of king Ahasuerus, and sealed it with the king's ring, and sent letters by posts on horseback, riding on swift steeds that were used in the king's service, bred of the stud;

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:EST:124.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.8.10/