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home / corpora / Tanakh / Ketuvim / Esther / chapter 8 / 8:10 / JPS 1

Esther 8:10 · JPS 1917

And they wrote in the name of king Ahasuerus, and sealed it with the king's ring, and sent letters by posts on horseback, riding on swift steeds that were used in the king's service, bred of the stud;

Who acts: scribes, king · What happens: write, seal, send, ride, use, breed · To what, where: name, hand, letters, swift steeds, service, king Ahasuerus

This is Esther 8:10 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (scribes, king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

The tree

ccnsubjcasedetoblcasecompoundnmodpunctccconjobjcasedetnmod:posscaseoblpunctccconjobjcaseoblcasenmodpunctadvclcaseamodoblnsubj:passaux:passacl:relclcasedetnmod:posscaseoblpunctaclcasedetoblpunctrootAndCCONJtheyPRONwroteVERBinADPtheDETnameNOUNofADPkingNOUNAhasuerusPROPN,PUNCTandCCONJsealedVERBitPRONwithADPtheDETkingNOUN'sPARTringNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJsentVERBlettersNOUNbyADPpostsNOUNonADPhorsebackNOUN,PUNCTridingVERBonADPswiftADJsteedsNOUNthatPRONwereAUXusedVERBinADPtheDETkingNOUN'sPARTserviceNOUN,PUNCTbredVERBofADPtheDETstudNOUN;PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1AndandCCONJ_3 wrotecc
2theytheyPRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs3 wrotensubj
3wrotewriteVERBMood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
4ininADP_6 namecase
5thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art6 namedet
6namenameNOUNNumber=Sing3 wroteobl
7ofofADP_9 Ahasueruscase
8kingkingNOUNNumber=Sing9 Ahasueruscompound
9AhasuerusAhasuerusPROPNNumber=Sing6 namenmod
10,,PUNCT_12 sealedpunct
11andandCCONJ_12 sealedcc
12sealedsealVERBMood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin3 wroteconj
13ititPRONCase=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs12 sealedobj
14withwithADP_18 ringcase
15thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art16 kingdet
16kingkingNOUNNumber=Sing18 ringnmod:poss
17's'sPART_16 kingcase
18ringringNOUNNumber=Sing12 sealedobl
19,,PUNCT_21 sentpunct
20andandCCONJ_21 sentcc
21sentsendVERBMood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin3 wroteconj
22lettersletterNOUNNumber=Plur21 sentobj
23bybyADP_24 postscase
24postspostNOUNNumber=Plur21 sentobl
25ononADP_26 horsebackcase
26horsebackhorsebackNOUNNumber=Sing24 postsnmod
27,,PUNCT_28 ridingpunct
28ridingrideVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part21 sentadvcl
29ononADP_31 steedscase
30swiftswiftADJDegree=Pos31 steedsamod
31steedssteedNOUNNumber=Plur28 ridingobl
32thatthatPRONPronType=Rel34 usednsubj:pass
33werebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin34 usedaux:pass
34useduseVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass31 steedsacl:relcl
35ininADP_39 servicecase
36thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art37 kingdet
37kingkingNOUNNumber=Sing39 servicenmod:poss
38's'sPART_37 kingcase
39serviceserviceNOUNNumber=Sing34 usedobl
40,,PUNCT_41 bredpunct
41bredbreedVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass31 steedsacl
42ofofADP_44 studcase
43thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art44 studdet
44studstudNOUNNumber=Sing41 bredobl
45;;PUNCT_3 wrotepunct

Pragmatics

form
statement
act
assert
voice
narrator
polarity
none
teacher
kept the draft
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1writepastscribes = scribethe name of king Ahasuerusvn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in name=Destination
2sealpastscribes = scribe not said herehandwith the king's ringvn tape-22.4 «NP V NP PP.co-patient PP.instrument»: agent=Agent it=Patient with ring=Instrument
3sendpastscribes = scribe not said herelettersby posts on horsebackvn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Theme
4ridegerundscribes = scribe not said hereswift steedsvn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent
5usepast · passiveswift steedsthe king's servicevn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
6breedparticipleswift steeds not said hereof the studtree rules
7nameking Ahasuerusnom name «communication transitive»: of=patient
8servicethe kingnom service «act transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The Hebrew of this verse

וַיִּכְתֹּ֗ב בְּשֵׁם֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרֹ֔שׁ וַיַּחְתֹּ֖ם בְּטַבַּ֣עַת הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח סְפָרִ֡ים בְּיַד֩ הָרָצִ֨ים בַּסּוּסִ֜ים רֹכְבֵ֤י הָרֶ֙כֶשׁ֙ הָֽאֲחַשְׁתְּרָנִ֔ים בְּנֵ֖י הָֽרַמָּכִֽים׃

Esther 8:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →

Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:EST:137 of Mova's parse database.

The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.137/