Esther 8:14 אֶסְתֵּר

Who acts: posts, king · What happens: ride, use, go out, hasten, press on, give out · To what, where: swift steeds, service, decree, Shushan · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Esther 8:14 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — posts, king — and what happens in the verse to swift steeds, service, decree, Shushan, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Esther on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

הָרָצִ֞ים רֹכְבֵ֤י הָרֶ֙כֶשׁ֙ הָֽאֲחַשְׁתְּרָנִ֔ים יָֽצְא֛וּ מְבֹהָלִ֥ים וּדְחוּפִ֖ים בִּדְבַ֣ר הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְהַדָּ֥ת נִתְּנָ֖ה בְּשׁוּשַׁ֥ן הַבִּירָֽה׃פ

So the posts that rode upon swift steeds that were used in the king's service went out, being hastened and pressed on by the king's commandment; and the decree was given out in Shushan the castle.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	הָ	הַ	SCONJ	_	2 רָצִ֞ים	mark	the
2	רָצִ֞ים	רוּץ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	8 יָֽצְא֛וּ	nsubj	runners
3	רֹכְבֵ֤י	רָכַב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	2 רָצִ֞ים	appos	[who] rode
4	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	5 רֶ֙כֶשׁ֙	det	of
5	רֶ֙כֶשׁ֙	רֶכֶשׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	3 רֹכְבֵ֤י	compound:smixut	the steed[s]
6	הָֽ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	7 אֲחַשְׁתְּרָנִ֔ים	det	(the)
7	אֲחַשְׁתְּרָנִ֔ים	אֲחַשְׁתְּרָן	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	5 רֶ֙כֶשׁ֙	appos	royal
8	יָֽצְא֛וּ	יָצָא	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they went out
9	מְבֹהָלִ֥ים	בָּהַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PUAL Number=Plur	8 יָֽצְא֛וּ	advcl	hastened
10	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	11 דְחוּפִ֖ים	cc	and
11	דְחוּפִ֖ים	דָּחַף	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	9 מְבֹהָלִ֥ים	conj	hurried
12	בִּ	בְּ	ADP	_	13 דְבַ֣ר	case	at
13	דְבַ֣ר	דָּבָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 מְבֹהָלִ֥ים	obl	the word
14	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	15 מֶּ֑לֶךְ	det	of
15	מֶּ֑לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 דְבַ֣ר	compound:smixut	the king
16	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	19 נִתְּנָ֖ה	cc	and
17	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	18 דָּ֥ת	det	the
18	דָּ֥ת	דָּת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	19 נִתְּנָ֖ה	nsubj	law
19	נִתְּנָ֖ה	נָתַן	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3	8 יָֽצְא֛וּ	conj	it was given
20	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	21 שׁוּשַׁ֥ן	case	in
21	שׁוּשַׁ֥ן	שׁוּשַׁן	PROPN	_	19 נִתְּנָ֖ה	obl	Susa
22	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	23 בִּירָֽה	det	the
23	בִּירָֽה	בִּירָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	21 שׁוּשַׁ֥ן	appos	citadel
24	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	23 בִּירָֽה	punct
25	פ	פ	PUNCT	_	23 בִּירָֽה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
רֹכְבֵי [who] rode	participle active · qal	רָצִים runners	רֶכֶשׁ the steed[s]
יָֽצְאוּ they went out	qatal · qal	רָצִים runners
מְבֹהָלִים hastened	participle passive · pual		רָצִים runners
דְחוּפִים hurried	participle passive · qal		רָצִים runners
נִתְּנָה it was given	qatal · niphal		דָּת law

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

The Targum

רַהִטָנִין דִרְכִיבִין עַל רִכְסָא עַרְטוּלְיָנֵי נְפָקוּ זְרִיזִין וּסְחִיפִין בְּפִתְגָמָא דְמַלְכָּא וּגְזֵירַת דִינָא אִתְיְהִיבַת בְּשׁוּשַׁן בִּירַנְתָּא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

So the posts that rode upon swift steeds that were used in the king's service went out, being hastened and pressed on by the king's commandment; and the decree was given out in Shushan the castle.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:EST:128.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.8.14/