Esther 9:20 אֶסְתֵּר

Who acts: Mordecai, Jews · What happens: write, send, be · To what, where: things, letters, provinces

This is Esther 9:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Mordecai, Jews — and what happens in the verse to things, letters, provinces, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Esther on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיִּכְתֹּ֣ב מָרְדֳּכַ֔י אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח סְפָרִ֜ים אֶל־כָּל־הַיְּהוּדִ֗ים אֲשֶׁר֙ בְּכָל־מְדִינוֹת֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁ הַקְּרוֹבִ֖ים וְהָרְחוֹקִֽים׃

And Mordecai wrote these things, and sent letters unto all the Jews that were in all the provinces of the king Ahasuerus, both nigh and far,

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּכְתֹּ֣ב	cc	and
2	יִּכְתֹּ֣ב	כָּתַב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he wrote
3	מָרְדֳּכַ֔י	מׇרְדֳּכַי	PROPN	_	2 יִּכְתֹּ֣ב	nsubj	Mordecai
4	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	6 דְּבָרִ֖ים	case	(et)
5	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 דְּבָרִ֖ים	det	the
6	דְּבָרִ֖ים	דָּבָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 יִּכְתֹּ֣ב	obj	words
7	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	8 אֵ֑לֶּה	det	(the)
8	אֵ֑לֶּה	אֵלֶּה	DET	Gender=Com Number=Plur PronType=Dem	6 דְּבָרִ֖ים	det	these
9	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 יִּשְׁלַ֨ח	cc	and
10	יִּשְׁלַ֨ח	שָׁלַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יִּכְתֹּ֣ב	conj	he sent out
11	סְפָרִ֜ים	סֵפֶר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	10 יִּשְׁלַ֨ח	obj	letters
12	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	13 כָּל־	case	to
13	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 יִּשְׁלַ֨ח	obl	all
14	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	15 יְּהוּדִ֗ים	det	the
15	יְּהוּדִ֗ים	יְהוּדִי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	13 כָּל־	compound:smixut	Jews
16	אֲשֶׁר֙	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	18 כָל־	mark	who
17	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	18 כָל־	case	[were] in
18	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 כָּל־	acl:relcl	all
19	מְדִינוֹת֙	מְדִינָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	18 כָל־	compound:smixut	the provinces
20	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	21 מֶּ֣לֶךְ	det	of
21	מֶּ֣לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	19 מְדִינוֹת֙	compound:smixut	the king
22	אֲחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁ	אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ	PROPN	_	21 מֶּ֣לֶךְ	appos	Ahasuerus
23	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	24 קְּרוֹבִ֖ים	det	(the)
24	קְּרוֹבִ֖ים	קָרֹוב	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	15 יְּהוּדִ֗ים	amod	near
25	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	27 רְחוֹקִֽים	cc	and
26	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	27 רְחוֹקִֽים	det	(the)
27	רְחוֹקִֽים	רָחֹוק	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	24 קְּרוֹבִ֖ים	conj	far
28	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	27 רְחוֹקִֽים	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
יִּכְתֹּב he wrote	wayyiqtol · qal	מָרְדֳּכַי Mordecai	דְּבָרִים words
יִּשְׁלַח he sent out	wayyiqtol · qal	מָרְדֳּכַי Mordecai	סְפָרִים letters

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

The Targum

וּכְתַב מָרְדְכַי יַת פִּתְגָמַיָא הָאִלֵין וּשְׁדַר פִּטְקִין לְוַת כָּל יְהוּדָאִין דִי בְּכָל פִּילְכֵי דְמַלְכָּא אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ דִקְרִיבִין וְדִרְחִיקִין:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And Mordecai wrote these things, and sent letters unto all the Jews that were in all the provinces of the king Ahasuerus, both nigh and far,

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:EST:151.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.9.20/