Ezra 4:23 עֶזְרָא

Who acts: companions, king Artaxerxes · What happens: read, go, make, cease, copy, letter · To what, where: copy, Jerusalem, haste, companions, letter

This is Ezra 4:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Biblical Aramaic as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Aramaic — and its pragmatics: who acts — companions, king Artaxerxes — and what happens in the verse to copy, Jerusalem, haste, companions, letter, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Ezra on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

אֱדַ֗יִן מִן־דִּ֞י פַּרְשֶׁ֤גֶן נִשְׁתְּוָנָא֙ דִּ֚י אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֣שְׂתְּ מַלְכָּ֔א קֱרִ֧י קֳדָם־רְח֛וּם וְשִׁמְשַׁ֥י סָפְרָ֖א וּכְנָוָתְה֑וֹן אֲזַ֨לוּ בִבְהִיל֤וּ לִירֽוּשְׁלֶם֙ עַל־יְה֣וּדָיֵ֔א וּבַטִּ֥לוּ הִמּ֖וֹ בְּאֶדְרָ֥ע וְחָֽיִל׃ס

Then when the copy of king Artaxerxes' letter was read before Rehum, and Shimshai the scribe, and their companions, they went in haste to Jerusalem unto the Jews, and made them to cease by force and power.

The tree

This verse is in Biblical Aramaic, as the book has it here; its tree is MACULA's Aramaic tree. Right to left, as it is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	אֱדַ֗יִן	אֱדַיִן	ADV	_	root	root	then
2	מִן־	מִן	ADP	_	21 אֲזַ֨לוּ	parataxis	from
3	דִּ֞י	דִּי	SCONJ	_	11 קֱרִ֧י	mark	that
4	פַּרְשֶׁ֤גֶן	פַּרְשֶׁגֶן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 קֱרִ֧י	nsubj	the copy
5	נִשְׁתְּוָנ	נִשְׁתְּוָן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 פַּרְשֶׁ֤גֶן	compound:smixut	of
6	ָא֙	א	DET	PronType=Art	5 נִשְׁתְּוָנ	det	the letter
7	דִּ֚י	דִּי	SCONJ	_	8 אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֣שְׂתְּ	mark	(diy) of
8	אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֣שְׂתְּ	אַרְתַּחְשַׁשְׂתְּא	PROPN	_	5 נִשְׁתְּוָנ	acl:relcl	Artaxerxes
9	מַלְכּ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֣שְׂתְּ	appos	the
10	ָ֔א	א	DET	PronType=Art	9 מַלְכּ	det	king
11	קֱרִ֧י	קְרָא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PEIL Number=Sing Person=3	2 מִן־	parataxis	it was read aloud
12	קֳדָם־	קֳדָם	ADP	_	13 רְח֛וּם	case	before
13	רְח֛וּם	רְחוּם	PROPN	_	11 קֱרִ֧י	obl	Rehum
14	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	15 שִׁמְשַׁ֥י	cc	and
15	שִׁמְשַׁ֥י	שִׁמְשַׁי	PROPN	_	13 רְח֛וּם	conj	Shimshai
16	סָפְר	סָפִר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 שִׁמְשַׁ֥י	appos	the
17	ָ֖א	א	DET	PronType=Art	16 סָפְר	det	scribe
18	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	19 כְנָוָת	cc	and
19	כְנָוָת	כְּנָת	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	13 רְח֛וּם	conj	associates
20	ְה֑וֹן	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 כְנָוָת	nmod:poss	their
21	אֲזַ֨לוּ	אֲזַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PEAL Number=Plur Person=3	1 אֱדַ֗יִן	parataxis	they went
22	בִ	בְּ	ADP	_	23 בְהִיל֤וּ	case	in
23	בְהִיל֤וּ	בְּהִילוּ	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	21 אֲזַ֨לוּ	obl	haste
24	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	25 ירֽוּשְׁלֶם֙	case	to
25	ירֽוּשְׁלֶם֙	יְרוּשְׁלֵם	PROPN	_	21 אֲזַ֨לוּ	obl	Jerusalem
26	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	27 יְה֣וּדָי	case	to
27	יְה֣וּדָי	יְהוּדַי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	21 אֲזַ֨לוּ	obl	the
28	ֵ֔א	א	DET	PronType=Art	27 יְה֣וּדָי	det	Jews
29	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	30 בַטִּ֥לוּ	cc	and
30	בַטִּ֥לוּ	בְּטֵל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PAEL Number=Plur Person=3	21 אֲזַ֨לוּ	conj	they made to cease
31	הִמּ֖וֹ	הִמּוֹ	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	30 בַטִּ֥לוּ	obj	them
32	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	33 אֶדְרָ֥ע	case	with
33	אֶדְרָ֥ע	אֶדְרַע	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	30 בַטִּ֥לוּ	obl	force
34	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	35 חָֽיִל	cc	and
35	חָֽיִל	חַיִל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	33 אֶדְרָ֥ע	conj	power
36	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	35 חָֽיִל	punct
37	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	35 חָֽיִל	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
קֱרִי it was read aloud	qatal · peil		פַּרְשֶׁגֶן the copy
אֲזַלוּ they went	qatal · peal	רְחוּם Rehum + שִׁמְשַׁי Shimshai + כְנָוָת associates
בַטִּלוּ they made to cease	qatal · pael	רְחוּם Rehum + שִׁמְשַׁי Shimshai + כְנָוָת associates	הִמּוֹ them

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Then when the copy of king Artaxerxes' letter was read before Rehum, and Shimshai the scribe, and their companions, they went in haste to Jerusalem unto the Jews, and made them to cease by force and power.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc-arc:EZR:15.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.4.23/