Lamentations 1:5 אֵיכָה

Who acts: adversaries, enemies, LORD, young children, city · What happens: become, be, afflict, go, transgress · To what, where: head, ease, city, captivity

This is Lamentations 1:5 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — adversaries, enemies, LORD, young children, city — and what happens in the verse to head, ease, city, captivity, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

הָי֨וּ צָרֶ֤יהָ לְרֹאשׁ֙ אֹיְבֶ֣יהָ שָׁל֔וּ כִּֽי־יְהוָ֥ה הוֹגָ֖הּ עַ֣ל רֹב־פְּשָׁעֶ֑יהָ עוֹלָלֶ֛יהָ הָלְכ֥וּ שְׁבִ֖י לִפְנֵי־צָֽר׃ס

Her adversaries are become the head, her enemies are at ease; for the LORD hath afflicted her for the multitude of her transgressions; her young children are gone into captivity before the adversary.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	הָי֨וּ	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	5 רֹאשׁ֙	cop	they have become
2	צָרֶ֤י	צַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	5 רֹאשׁ֙	nsubj	foes
3	הָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 צָרֶ֤י	nmod:poss	its
4	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	5 רֹאשׁ֙	case	(into) a
5	רֹאשׁ֙	רֹאשׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	root	root	head
6	אֹיְבֶ֣י	אָיַב	NOUN	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	8 שָׁל֔וּ	nsubj	enemies
7	הָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 אֹיְבֶ֣י	nmod:poss	its
8	שָׁל֔וּ	שָׁלָה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	5 רֹאשׁ֙	parataxis	they are at ease
9	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	11 הוֹג	mark	(dm)
10	יְהוָ֥ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	11 הוֹג	nsubj	Yahweh
11	הוֹג	יָגָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	5 רֹאשׁ֙	advcl	he
12	ָ֖הּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 הוֹג	obj	has grieved it
13	עַ֣ל	עַל	ADP	_	14 רֹב־	case	on
14	רֹב־	רֹב	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 הוֹג	obl	the multitude
15	פְּשָׁעֶ֑י	פֶּשַׁע	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	14 רֹב־	compound:smixut	its transgressions
16	הָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 פְּשָׁעֶ֑י	nmod:poss	her
17	עוֹלָלֶ֛י	עוֹלֵל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	19 הָלְכ֥וּ	nsubj	children
18	הָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 עוֹלָלֶ֛י	nmod:poss	its
19	הָלְכ֥וּ	הָלַךְ	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	5 רֹאשׁ֙	parataxis	they have gone
20	שְׁבִ֖י	שְׁבִי	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 הָלְכ֥וּ	obl	captivity
21	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	22 פְנֵי־	case	before
22	פְנֵי־	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 הָלְכ֥וּ	obl
23	צָֽר	צַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	22 פְנֵי־	compound:smixut	a foe
24	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	23 צָֽר	punct
25	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	23 צָֽר	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	who makes it happen (AA)
הָיוּ they have become	qatal · qal	צָרֶי foes
שָׁלוּ they are at ease	qatal · qal	אֹיְבֶי enemies
הוֹג he	qatal · hiphil	ָהּ has grieved it	יְהוָה Yahweh
הָלְכוּ they have gone	qatal · qal	עוֹלָלֶי children

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

The Targum

הֲווּ מְעִיקָהָא מִתְמַנָּן עֲלָהָא לְרֵישִׁין וּבַעֲלֵי דְבָבָהָא הֲווּ יַתְבִין בְּשַׁלְוָה אֲרוּם יְיָ תְּבַר יָתָהּ עַל סַגִּיאַת מְרוֹדָהָא רַבְיָהָא אָזְלוּ בְּשִׁבְיָתָא קֳדָם מְעִיקָהָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Her adversaries are become the head, her enemies are at ease; for the LORD hath afflicted her for the multitude of her transgressions; her young children are gone into captivity before the adversary.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:LAM:4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.5/