Lamentations 1:6 אֵיכָה

Who acts: splendour, harts, princes · What happens: be, become, find · To what, where: princes, pasture

This is Lamentations 1:6 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — splendour, harts, princes — and what happens in the verse to princes, pasture, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֵּצֵ֥א מִבַּת־צִיּ֖וֹן כָּל־הֲדָרָ֑הּ הָי֣וּ שָׂרֶ֗יהָ כְּאַיָּלִים֙ לֹא־מָצְא֣וּ מִרְעֶ֔ה וַיֵּלְכ֥וּ בְלֹא־כֹ֖חַ לִפְנֵ֥י רוֹדֵֽף׃ס

And gone is from the daughter of Zion all her splendour; her princes are become like harts that find no pasture, and they are gone without strength before the pursuer.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֵּצֵ֥א	cc	and
2	יֵּצֵ֥א	יָצָא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it has gone out
3	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	4 בַּת־	case	from
4	בַּת־	בַּת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	2 יֵּצֵ֥א	obl	the daughter
5	צִיּ֖וֹן	צִיּוֹן	PROPN	_	4 בַּת־	compound:smixut	of Zion
6	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יֵּצֵ֥א	nsubj	all
7	הֲדָר	הָדָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 כָּל־	compound:smixut	splendor
8	ָ֑הּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 הֲדָר	nmod:poss	its
9	הָי֣וּ	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	13 אַיָּלִים֙	cop	they have become
10	שָׂרֶ֗י	שַׂר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	13 אַיָּלִים֙	nsubj	princes
11	הָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 שָׂרֶ֗י	nmod:poss	its
12	כְּ	כְּ	ADP	_	13 אַיָּלִים֙	case	like
13	אַיָּלִים֙	אַיָּל	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 יֵּצֵ֥א	parataxis	deer
14	לֹא־	לֹא	ADV	_	15 מָצְא֣וּ	advmod	[which] not
15	מָצְא֣וּ	מָצָא	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	13 אַיָּלִים֙	acl	they have found
16	מִרְעֶ֔ה	מִרְעֶה	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 מָצְא֣וּ	obj	pasture
17	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	18 יֵּלְכ֥וּ	cc	and
18	יֵּלְכ֥וּ	הלך	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יֵּצֵ֥א	conj	they have gone
19	בְ	בְּ	ADP	_	21 כֹ֖חַ	case	with
20	לֹא־	לֹא	ADV	_	21 כֹ֖חַ	advmod	not
21	כֹ֖חַ	כֹּחַ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	18 יֵּלְכ֥וּ	obl	strength
22	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	23 פְנֵ֥י	case	before
23	פְנֵ֥י	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 יֵּלְכ֥וּ	obl
24	רוֹדֵֽף	רָדַף	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	23 פְנֵ֥י	compound:smixut	[one who] pursued
25	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	24 רוֹדֵֽף	punct
26	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	24 רוֹדֵֽף	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יֵּצֵא it has gone out	wayyiqtol · qal	הֲדָר splendor
הָיוּ they have become	qatal · qal	שָׂרֶי princes
not מָצְאוּ they have found	qatal · qal	אַיָּלִים deer	מִרְעֶה pasture
יֵּלְכוּ they have gone	wayyiqtol · qal	שָׂרֶי princes

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

The Targum

וּנְפַק מִן כְּנִשְׁתָּא דְצִיּוֹן כָּל זִיוָהָא הֲווּ רַבְרְבָנָהָא מִסְתַּחֲרַן עַל מֵיכְלָא הֵיכְמָא דִמְסַחֲרַן אַיָּלַיָּא בְמַדְבְּרָא וְלָא אַשְׁכָּחוּ אֲתַר כָּשַׁר לְמִרְעֵהוֹן וַאֲזָלוּ בְתָשׁוּת כֹּחָא וְלָא הֲוָה לְהוֹן חֵילָא לְמֶעֱרוֹק לְאִשְׁתֵּזְבָא קֳדָם רָדֵף:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And gone is from the daughter of Zion all her splendour; her princes are become like harts that find no pasture, and they are gone without strength before the pursuer.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:LAM:5.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.6/