Lamentations 2:13 אֵיכָה

Who acts: I, breach, thy · What happens: take, witness, liken, equal, comfort, be · To what, where: thee

This is Lamentations 2:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, breach, thy — and what happens in the verse to thee, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

מָֽה־אֲעִידֵ֞ךְ מָ֣ה אֲדַמֶּה־לָּ֗ךְ הַבַּת֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם מָ֤ה אַשְׁוֶה־לָּךְ֙ וַאֲנַֽחֲמֵ֔ךְ בְּתוּלַ֖ת בַּת־צִיּ֑וֹן כִּֽי־גָד֥וֹל כַּיָּ֛ם שִׁבְרֵ֖ךְ מִ֥י יִרְפָּא־לָֽךְ׃ס

What shall I take to witness for thee? What shall I liken to thee, O daughter of Jerusalem? What shall I equal to thee, that I may comfort thee, O virgin daughter of Zion? For thy breach is great like the sea; who can heal thee?

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	מָֽה־	מָה	PRON	PronType=Int	2 אֲעִיד	xcomp	what?
2	אֲעִיד	עוּד	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=1	root	root	will
3	ֵ֞ךְ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	2 אֲעִיד	obj	I testify for you
4	מָ֣ה	מָה	PRON	PronType=Int	5 אֲדַמֶּה־	obj	what?
5	אֲדַמֶּה־	דָּמָה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=1	2 אֲעִיד	parataxis	will I liken
6	לּ	לְ	ADP	_	7 ָ֗ךְ	case	to
7	ָ֗ךְ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	5 אֲדַמֶּה־	obl	you
8	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	9 בַּת֙	det	O
9	בַּת֙	בַּת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	2 אֲעִיד	parataxis	daughter
10	יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם	יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם	PROPN	_	9 בַּת֙	compound:smixut	of Jerusalem
11	מָ֤ה	מָה	PRON	PronType=Int	12 אַשְׁוֶה־	obj	what?
12	אַשְׁוֶה־	שָׁוָה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=1	2 אֲעִיד	parataxis	will I make equal
13	לּ	לְ	ADP	_	14 ָךְ֙	case	to
14	ָךְ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	12 אַשְׁוֶה־	obl	you
15	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	16 אֲנַֽחֲמ	cc	so
16	אֲנַֽחֲמ	נָחַם	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=1	12 אַשְׁוֶה־	conj	that
17	ֵ֔ךְ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	16 אֲנַֽחֲמ	obj	I may comfort you
18	בְּתוּלַ֖ת	בְּתוּלָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	12 אַשְׁוֶה־	parataxis	O virgin
19	בַּת־	בַּת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	18 בְּתוּלַ֖ת	compound:smixut	of the daughter
20	צִיּ֑וֹן	צִיּוֹן	PROPN	_	19 בַּת־	compound:smixut	of Zion
21	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	22 גָד֥וֹל	mark	(dm)
22	גָד֥וֹל	גָּדוֹל	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 אֲעִיד	advcl	[is] great
23	כַּ	כְּ	ADP	_	25 יָּ֛ם	case	like
24	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	25 יָּ֛ם	det	the
25	יָּ֛ם	יָם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	22 גָד֥וֹל	nmod	sea
26	שִׁבְר	שֶׁבֶר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	22 גָד֥וֹל	nsubj	brokenness
27	ֵ֖ךְ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	26 שִׁבְר	nmod:poss	your
28	מִ֥י	מִי	PRON	PronType=Int	29 יִרְפָּא־	nsubj	who?
29	יִרְפָּא־	רָפָא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 אֲעִיד	parataxis	will he heal
30	ל	לְ	ADP	_	31 ָֽךְ	case	(to)
31	ָֽךְ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	29 יִרְפָּא־	obl	you
32	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	31 ָֽךְ	punct
33	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	31 ָֽךְ	punct

Pragmatics

form: wh-question
act: ask
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
אֲעִיד will	yiqtol · hiphil	ֵךְ I testify for you	מָֽה־ what?
אֲדַמֶּה־ will I liken	yiqtol · piel		מָה what?
אַשְׁוֶה־ will I make equal	yiqtol · hiphil	מָה what?
אֲנַֽחֲמ that	yiqtol · piel		ֵךְ I may comfort you
יִרְפָּא־ will he heal	yiqtol · qal	מִי who?

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

The Targum

מָה אַסְעִיד בָּךְ וּמָה אֱהֵא מְדַמֵּי לָךְ כְּנִישְׁתָּא דִירוּשְׁלֵם מַה אַחְבִּיר לָךְ וֶאֱהֵי מְנַחֵם לִיךְ בְּתוּלְתָּא דִכְנִישְׁתָּא דְצִיּוֹן אֲרוּם סַגִּיא תִבְרִיךְ כִּסְגִיאוּת תְּבִיר גִלְלֵי יַמָּא רַבָּא בְּעִידַן נַחְשׁוּלֵיהּ וּמָן הוּא אַסְיָא דִּי יָסֵי יָתִיךְ מִן מְרָעַיִךְ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:LAM:34.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.13/