Lamentations 3:7 אֵיכָה
Who acts: man, I · What happens: hedge, not go, make · To what, where: me, chain
This is Lamentations 3:7 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — man, I — and what happens in the verse to me, chain, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
גָּדַ֧ר בַּעֲדִ֛י וְלֹ֥א אֵצֵ֖א הִכְבִּ֥יד נְחָשְׁתִּֽי׃
He hath hedged me about, that I cannot go forth; He hath made my chain heavy.
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | גָּדַ֧ר | גָּדַר | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | root | root | he has walled up |
| 2 | בַּעֲד | בַּעַד | ADP | _ | 3 ִ֛י | case | behind |
| 3 | ִ֛י | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 1 גָּדַ֧ר | obl | me |
| 4 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 6 אֵצֵ֖א | cc | and |
| 5 | לֹ֥א | לֹא | ADV | _ | 6 אֵצֵ֖א | advmod | not |
| 6 | אֵצֵ֖א | יָצָא | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1 | 1 גָּדַ֧ר | conj | I will go out |
| 7 | הִכְבִּ֥יד | כָּבֵד | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3 | 1 גָּדַ֧ר | parataxis | he has made heavy |
| 8 | נְחָשְׁתּ | נְחֹשֶׁת | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 7 הִכְבִּ֥יד | obj | fetter[s] |
| 9 | ִֽי | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 8 נְחָשְׁתּ | nmod:poss | my bronze |
| 10 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 9 ִֽי | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- yes
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| גָּדַר he has walled up | qatal · qal | ||||
| not אֵצֵא I will go out | yiqtol · qal | ||||
| הִכְבִּיד he has made heavy | qatal · hiphil | נְחָשְׁתּ fetter[s] |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
The Targum
סָגַר בַּתְרַי בְּגִין דְלָא אֶפּוֹק מִן טְרִיקָא יְקַר עַל רִגְלַי כְּבָלִין דִנְחָשָׁא:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:LAM:50.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.3.7/