Lamentations 4:16 אֵיכָה
Who acts: anger, men, LORD · What happens: divide, regard, not respect, not be, anger · To what, where: men, persons
This is Lamentations 4:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — anger, men, LORD — and what happens in the verse to men, persons, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
פְּנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ חִלְּקָ֔ם לֹ֥א יוֹסִ֖יף לְהַבִּיטָ֑ם פְּנֵ֤י כֹהֲנִים֙ לֹ֣א נָשָׂ֔אוּ וּזְקֵנִ֖יםלֹ֥א חָנָֽנוּ׃ס
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | פְּנֵ֤י | פָּנֶה | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 חִלְּק | nsubj | the presence |
| 2 | יְהוָה֙ | יהוה | PROPN | _ | 1 פְּנֵ֤י | compound:smixut | of Yahweh |
| 3 | חִלְּק | חָלַק | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3 | root | root | it |
| 4 | ָ֔ם | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 חִלְּק | obj | has scattered them |
| 5 | לֹ֥א | לֹא | ADV | _ | 6 יוֹסִ֖יף | advmod | not |
| 6 | יוֹסִ֖יף | יָסַף | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3 | 3 חִלְּק | parataxis | he will repeat |
| 7 | לְ | לְ | ADP | _ | 8 הַבִּיט | case | to |
| 8 | הַבִּיט | נָבַט | VERB | HebBinyan=HIPHIL | 6 יוֹסִ֖יף | xcomp | pay |
| 9 | ָ֑ם | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 הַבִּיט | obj | attention to them |
| 10 | פְּנֵ֤י | פָּנֶה | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 נָשָׂ֔אוּ | obj | [the] face |
| 11 | כֹהֲנִים֙ | כֹּהֵן | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 10 פְּנֵ֤י | compound:smixut | of priests |
| 12 | לֹ֣א | לֹא | ADV | _ | 13 נָשָׂ֔אוּ | advmod | not |
| 13 | נָשָׂ֔אוּ | נָשָׂא | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3 | 3 חִלְּק | parataxis | they lifted up |
| 14 | וּ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 17 חָנָֽנוּ | cc | and |
| 15 | זְקֵנִ֖ים | זָקֵן | ADJ | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 17 חָנָֽנוּ | obj | elders |
| 16 | לֹ֥א | לֹא | ADV | _ | 17 חָנָֽנוּ | advmod | not |
| 17 | חָנָֽנוּ | חָנַן | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3 | 3 חִלְּק | conj | they showed favor to |
| 18 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 17 חָנָֽנוּ | punct | |
| 19 | ס | ס | PUNCT | _ | 17 חָנָֽנוּ | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- speech
- narration
- negation
- yes
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| חִלְּק it | qatal · piel | פְּנֵי the presence | ָם has scattered them | ||
| not יוֹסִיף he will repeat | yiqtol · hiphil | יְהוָה of Yahweh | |||
| הַבִּיט pay | infinitive construct · hiphil | ָם attention to them | יְהוָה of Yahweh | ||
| not נָשָׂאוּ they lifted up | qatal · qal | פְּנֵי [the] face | |||
| not חָנָֽנוּ they showed favor to | qatal · qal | זְקֵנִים elders |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
The Targum
מִן קֳדָם אַפֵּי יְיָ אִתְפְּלִיגוּ לָא יוֹסִיף לְאִסְתַּכָּלָא בְּהוֹן בְּגִין כֵּן אוּמַיָּא רְשִׁיעַיָּא אַפֵּי כַהֲנַיָּא לָא סַבָּרוּ וְעִלַּוֵי סָבַיָּא לָא חָסוּ:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:LAM:125.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.4.16/