Lamentations 4:15 אֵיכָה

Who acts: ye, men · What happens: depart, cry, not touch, flee away, wander, say · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Lamentations 4:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — ye, men — and what happens in the verse, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

ס֣וּרוּ טָמֵ֞א קָ֣רְאוּ לָ֗מוֹ ס֤וּרוּ ס֙וּרוּ֙ אַל־תִּגָּ֔עוּ כִּ֥י נָצ֖וּ גַּם־נָ֑עוּ אָֽמְרוּ֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֔ם לֹ֥א יוֹסִ֖יפוּ לָגֽוּר׃ס

'Depart ye! unclean!' men cried unto them, 'Depart, depart, touch not'; yea, they fled away and wandered; men said among the nations: 'They shall no more sojourn here.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	ס֣וּרוּ	סוּר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	root	root	depart
2	טָמֵ֞א	טָמֵא	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	1 ס֣וּרוּ	parataxis	unclean
3	קָ֣רְאוּ	קָרָא	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	1 ס֣וּרוּ	parataxis	people called out
4	לָ֗	לְ	ADP	_	5 מוֹ	case	to
5	מוֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 קָ֣רְאוּ	obl	them
6	ס֤וּרוּ	סוּר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	3 קָ֣רְאוּ	ccomp	depart
7	ס֙וּרוּ֙	סוּר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	6 ס֤וּרוּ	parataxis	depart
8	אַל־	אַל	ADV	_	9 תִּגָּ֔עוּ	advmod	do not
9	תִּגָּ֔עוּ	נָגַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	6 ס֤וּרוּ	parataxis	touch
10	כִּ֥י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	11 נָצ֖וּ	mark	(dm)
11	נָצ֖וּ	נוץ	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	6 ס֤וּרוּ	advcl	they fled
12	גַּם־	גַּם	ADV	_	13 נָ֑עוּ	advmod	also
13	נָ֑עוּ	נוּעַ	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	6 ס֤וּרוּ	conj	they wandered
14	אָֽמְרוּ֙	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	6 ס֤וּרוּ	parataxis	people said
15	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	17 גּוֹיִ֔ם	case	among
16	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	17 גּוֹיִ֔ם	det	the
17	גּוֹיִ֔ם	גּוֹי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	14 אָֽמְרוּ֙	obl	nations
18	לֹ֥א	לֹא	ADV	_	19 יוֹסִ֖יפוּ	advmod	not
19	יוֹסִ֖יפוּ	יָסַף	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	14 אָֽמְרוּ֙	ccomp	they will increase
20	לָ	לְ	ADP	_	21 גֽוּר	case	to
21	גֽוּר	גּוּר	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	19 יוֹסִ֖יפוּ	xcomp	sojourn
22	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	21 גֽוּר	punct
23	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	21 גֽוּר	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · assert · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
סוּרוּ depart	imperative · qal	טָמֵא unclean
קָרְאוּ people called out	qatal · qal
סוּרוּ depart	imperative · qal	טָמֵא unclean
סוּרוּ depart	imperative · qal	טָמֵא unclean
not תִּגָּעוּ touch	jussive · qal	טָמֵא unclean
נָצוּ they fled	qatal · qal
נָעוּ they wandered	qatal · qal
אָֽמְרוּ people said	qatal · qal
not יוֹסִיפוּ they will increase	yiqtol · hiphil
גֽוּר sojourn	infinitive construct · qal

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

The Targum

זוּרוּ מִמְסַאֲבָא קְרוּ עַמְמַיָּא זוּרוּ זוּרוּ לָא תִקְרְבוּ בְהוֹן אֲרוּם אִתְקוֹטְטוּ אַף אִתְטַלְטְלוּ אֲמָרוּ בְּמֶהֱוֵיהוֹן בְּשַׁלְוַתְהוֹן דְבֵינֵי עַמְמַיָּא לָא יוֹסִיפוּן לְמֵידָר:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

'Depart ye! unclean!' men cried unto them, 'Depart, depart, touch not'; yea, they fled away and wandered; men said among the nations: 'They shall no more sojourn here.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:LAM:124.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.4.15/