Lamentations 4:3 אֵיכָה

Who acts: jackals · What happens: draw out, give, become · To what, where: breast, suck, young ones, daughter

This is Lamentations 4:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — jackals — and what happens in the verse to breast, suck, young ones, daughter, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

גַּם־תַּנִּים֙ חָ֣לְצוּ שַׁ֔ד הֵינִ֖יקוּ גּוּרֵיהֶ֑ן בַּת־עַמִּ֣י לְאַכְזָ֔ר כַּיְעֵנִ֖ים בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ס

Even the jackals draw out the breast, they give suck to their young ones; the daughter of my people is become cruel, like the ostriches in the wilderness.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	גַּם־	גַּם	ADV	_	2 תַּנִּים֙	advmod	also
2	תַּנִּים֙	תַּן	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 חָ֣לְצוּ	nsubj	jackals
3	חָ֣לְצוּ	חָלַץ	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they draw out
4	שַׁ֔ד	שַׁד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	3 חָ֣לְצוּ	obj	a breast
5	הֵינִ֖יקוּ	יָנַק	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	3 חָ֣לְצוּ	parataxis	they suckle
6	גּוּרֵי	גּוּר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	5 הֵינִ֖יקוּ	obj	cubs
7	הֶ֑ן	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 גּוּרֵי	nmod:poss	their
8	בַּת־	בַּת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	12 אַכְזָ֔ר	nsubj	the daughter
9	עַמּ	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 בַּת־	compound:smixut	my people
10	ִ֣י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	9 עַמּ	nmod:poss	my
11	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	12 אַכְזָ֔ר	case	[has
12	אַכְזָ֔ר	אַכְזָר	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	3 חָ֣לְצוּ	parataxis	become] (into) cruel
13	כַּ	כְּ	ADP	_	15 יְעֵנִ֖ים	case	like
14	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	15 יְעֵנִ֖ים	det	(the)
15	יְעֵנִ֖ים	יָעֵן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	12 אַכְזָ֔ר	obl	ostriches
16	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	18 מִּדְבָּֽר	case	in
17	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	18 מִּדְבָּֽר	det	the
18	מִּדְבָּֽר	מִדְבָּר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 יְעֵנִ֖ים	nmod	wilderness
19	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	18 מִּדְבָּֽר	punct
20	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	18 מִּדְבָּֽר	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
חָלְצוּ they draw out	qatal · qal	תַּנִּים jackals	שַׁד a breast
הֵינִיקוּ they suckle	qatal · hiphil	גּוּרֵי cubs			תַּנִּים jackals

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

The Targum

אַף בְּנָתָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל מְפַנְקְתָא לִבְנֵי עַמְמַיָּא דְדַמְיָּן לְחוּרְמָנָא טַלְעָן תְּדֵיהֶן וְרַבֵּי כְּנִשְׁתָּא דְעַמִּי מְסִירִין לְאַכְזְרָאִין וְאִמְהוֹן סַפְדָן עֲלֵיהוֹן כְּנַעֲמַיָּא בְּמַדְבְּרָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Even the jackals draw out the breast, they give suck to their young ones; the daughter of my people is become cruel, like the ostriches in the wilderness.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:LAM:112.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.4.3/