Lamentations 4:4 אֵיכָה

Who acts: tongue, young children, none · What happens: cleave, ask, break · To what, where: bread

This is Lamentations 4:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — tongue, young children, none — and what happens in the verse to bread, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

דָּבַ֨ק לְשׁ֥וֹן יוֹנֵ֛ק אֶל־חכּ֖וֹבַּצָּמָ֑א עֽוֹלָלִים֙ שָׁ֣אֲלוּ לֶ֔חֶם פֹּרֵ֖שׂ אֵ֥ין לָהֶֽם׃ס

The tongue of the sucking child cleaveth to the roof of his mouth for thirst; the young children ask bread, and none breaketh it unto them.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	דָּבַ֨ק	דָּבַק	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it has cleaved
2	לְשׁ֥וֹן	לָשׁוֹן	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 דָּבַ֨ק	nsubj	[the] tongue
3	יוֹנֵ֛ק	יָנַק	NOUN	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	2 לְשׁ֥וֹן	compound:smixut	of a sucking child
4	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	5 חכּ	case	to
5	חכּ	חֵךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	1 דָּבַ֨ק	obl	palate
6	֖וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 חכּ	nmod:poss	its
7	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	9 צָּמָ֑א	case	by
8	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	9 צָּמָ֑א	det	(the)
9	צָּמָ֑א	צָמָא	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	1 דָּבַ֨ק	obl	thirst
10	עֽוֹלָלִים֙	עוֹלֵל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	11 שָׁ֣אֲלוּ	nsubj	children
11	שָׁ֣אֲלוּ	שָׁאַל	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	1 דָּבַ֨ק	parataxis	they have asked for
12	לֶ֔חֶם	לֶחֶם	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 שָׁ֣אֲלוּ	obj	bread
13	פֹּרֵ֖שׂ	פָּרַשׂ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	14 אֵ֥ין	nsubj	[one who] breaks [it]
14	אֵ֥ין	אַיִן	ADV	_	11 שָׁ֣אֲלוּ	ccomp	there [was] not
15	ל	לְ	ADP	_	16 ָהֶֽם	case	for
16	ָהֶֽם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 אֵ֥ין	obl	them
17	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	16 ָהֶֽם	punct
18	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	16 ָהֶֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · assert · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
דָּבַק it has cleaved	qatal · qal	לְשׁוֹן [the] tongue
not שָׁאֲלוּ they have asked for	qatal · qal	עֽוֹלָלִים children	לֶחֶם bread

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

The Targum

אַדְבֵּיק לְשֵׁן עוּלֵימָא לְמוֹרִיגֵהּ בִצְחוּתָא טַלְיָא תְבָעוּ לַחְמָא מוֹשִׁיט לֵית לְהוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

The tongue of the sucking child cleaveth to the roof of his mouth for thirst; the young children ask bread, and none breaketh it unto them.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:LAM:113.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.4.4/