Lamentations 5:12 אֵיכָה
Who acts: hand · What happens: hang up, not honour · To what, where: Princes, faces
This is Lamentations 5:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — hand — and what happens in the verse to Princes, faces, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
שָׂרִים֙ בְּיָדָ֣ם נִתְל֔וּ פְּנֵ֥י זְקֵנִ֖ים לֹ֥א נֶהְדָּֽרוּ׃
Princes are hanged up by their hand; the faces of elders are not honoured.
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | שָׂרִים֙ | שַׂר | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 5 נִתְל֔וּ | nsubj | princes |
| 2 | בְּ | בְּ | ADP | _ | 3 יָד | case | by |
| 3 | יָד | יָד | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 נִתְל֔וּ | obl | hand |
| 4 | ָ֣ם | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 יָד | nmod:poss | their |
| 5 | נִתְל֔וּ | תָּלָה | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3 | root | root | they have been hanged |
| 6 | פְּנֵ֥י | פָּנֶה | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 נֶהְדָּֽרוּ | nsubj | [the] face |
| 7 | זְקֵנִ֖ים | זָקֵן | ADJ | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 6 פְּנֵ֥י | compound:smixut | of elders |
| 8 | לֹ֥א | לֹא | ADV | _ | 9 נֶהְדָּֽרוּ | advmod | not |
| 9 | נֶהְדָּֽרוּ | הָדַר | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3 | 5 נִתְל֔וּ | parataxis | they have been honored |
| 10 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 9 נֶהְדָּֽרוּ | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- speech
- narration
- negation
- yes
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| נִתְלוּ they have been hanged | qatal · niphal | שָׂרִים princes | |||
| not נֶהְדָּֽרוּ they have been honored | qatal · niphal | פְּנֵי [the] face |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
The Targum
רַבְרְבָנִין בִּדֵיהוֹלֹ אִצְטְלִיבוּ אַפֵּי סָבַיָּא לָא סָבָרוּ:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:LAM:143.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.5.12/