Lamentations 5:17 אֵיכָה
Who acts: heart, eyes · What happens: be
This is Lamentations 5:17 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — heart, eyes — and what happens in the verse, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
עַל־זֶ֗ה הָיָ֤ה דָוֶה֙ לִבֵּ֔נוּ עַל־אֵ֖לֶּה חָשְׁכ֥וּ עֵינֵֽינוּ׃
For this our heart is faint, for these things our eyes are dim;
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | עַל־ | עַל | ADP | _ | 2 זֶ֗ה | case | on |
| 2 | זֶ֗ה | זֶה | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 דָוֶה֙ | obl | this |
| 3 | הָיָ֤ה | הָיָה | AUX | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 4 דָוֶה֙ | cop | it has become |
| 4 | דָוֶה֙ | דָּוֶה | ADJ | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | root | root | faint |
| 5 | לִבּ | לֵב | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 4 דָוֶה֙ | nsubj | heart |
| 6 | ֵ֔נוּ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 5 לִבּ | nmod:poss | our |
| 7 | עַל־ | עַל | ADP | _ | 8 אֵ֖לֶּה | case | on |
| 8 | אֵ֖לֶּה | אֵלֶּה | PRON | Gender=Com Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 9 חָשְׁכ֥וּ | obl | these [things] |
| 9 | חָשְׁכ֥וּ | חָשַׁךְ | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3 | 4 דָוֶה֙ | parataxis | they have grown dim |
| 10 | עֵינֵֽי | עַיִן | NOUN | Number=Dual | 9 חָשְׁכ֥וּ | nsubj | eyes |
| 11 | נוּ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 10 עֵינֵֽי | nmod:poss | our |
| 12 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 11 נוּ | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| הָיָה it has become | qatal · qal | לִבּ heart | |||
| חָשְׁכוּ they have grown dim | qatal · qal | עֵינֵֽי eyes |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
The Targum
עַל דֵין בֵּית מוּקְדְּשָׁא דְאִצְתְּדֵי הֲוָה חָלִישׁ לִבְבָנָא וְעַל אִלֵּין עַמָּא בֵית יִשְׂרָאֵל דְאָזְלוּ בְּגָלוּתָא מִתַּמָּן הֲווּ חֲשִׁיכַן עֵינָנָא:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:LAM:148.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.5.17/