Lamentations 5:18 אֵיכָה
Who acts: mountain, foxes · What happens: be, walk · To what, where: mountain
This is Lamentations 5:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — mountain, foxes — and what happens in the verse to mountain, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
עַ֤ל הַר־צִיּוֹן֙ שֶׁשָּׁמֵ֔ם שׁוּעָלִ֖ים הִלְּכוּ־בֽוֹ׃פ
For the mountain of Zion, which is desolate, the foxes walk upon it.
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | עַ֤ל | עַל | ADP | _ | 2 הַר־ | case | on |
| 2 | הַר־ | הַר | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 7 הִלְּכוּ־ | obl | the mountain |
| 3 | צִיּוֹן֙ | צִיּוֹן | PROPN | _ | 2 הַר־ | compound:smixut | of Zion |
| 4 | שֶׁ | שֶׁ | SCONJ | _ | 5 שָּׁמֵ֔ם | mark | which [is] |
| 5 | שָּׁמֵ֔ם | שָׁמֵם | ADJ | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 2 הַר־ | acl:relcl | desolate |
| 6 | שׁוּעָלִ֖ים | שׁוּעָל | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 7 הִלְּכוּ־ | nsubj | foxes |
| 7 | הִלְּכוּ־ | הָלַךְ | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Plur Person=3 | root | root | they have prowled |
| 8 | ב | בְּ | ADP | _ | 9 ֽוֹ | case | on |
| 9 | ֽוֹ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 הִלְּכוּ־ | obl | it |
| 10 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 9 ֽוֹ | punct | |
| 11 | פ | פ | PUNCT | _ | 9 ֽוֹ | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- speech
- narration
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| הִלְּכוּ־ they have prowled | qatal · piel | שׁוּעָלִים foxes |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
The Targum
עַל טוּרָא דְצִיּוֹן דְהוּא צָדֵי תַעֲלִין הֲלִיכוּ בֵיהּ:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:LAM:149.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.5.18/