Lamentations 5:5 אֵיכָה

Who acts: we · What happens: pursue, labour, have · To what, where: we, very necks, rest

This is Lamentations 5:5 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — we — and what happens in the verse to we, very necks, rest, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

עַ֤ל צַוָּארֵ֙נוּ֙ נִרְדָּ֔פְנוּ יָגַ֖עְנוּ וְלֹ֥א הֽוּנַ֖חלָֽנוּ׃

To our very necks we are pursued; we labour, and have no rest.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	עַ֤ל	עַל	ADP	_	2 צַוָּאר	case	at
2	צַוָּאר	צַוָּאר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 נִרְדָּ֔פְנוּ	obl	neck
3	ֵ֙נוּ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 צַוָּאר	nmod:poss	our
4	נִרְדָּ֔פְנוּ	רָדַף	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=1	root	root	we have been pursued
5	יָגַ֖עְנוּ	יָגֵעַ	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	4 נִרְדָּ֔פְנוּ	parataxis	we have become weary
6	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	8 הֽוּנַ֖ח	cc	and
7	לֹ֥א	לֹא	ADV	_	8 הֽוּנַ֖ח	advmod	not
8	הֽוּנַ֖ח	נוּחַ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HOPHAL Number=Sing Person=3	4 נִרְדָּ֔פְנוּ	conj	it has been given rest
9	ל	לְ	ADP	_	10 ָֽנוּ	case	to
10	ָֽנוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	8 הֽוּנַ֖ח	obl	us
11	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	10 ָֽנוּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
נִרְדָּפְנוּ we have been pursued	qatal · niphal
יָגַעְנוּ we have become weary	qatal · qal

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

The Targum

עַל פִּירְקַת צַוְורָנָא אִטְעֲנָנָא כַּד הֲוֵינָא אָזְלִין בְּשִׁבְיָתָא חֲמָא נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר רַשִּׁיעָא סַרְכַיָּא דִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל דְאָזְלִין רֵיקָנִין פַּקֵּיד לְחַיָיטָא סִפְרֵי אוֹרַיְתָא וּלְמֶעְבַּד מִנְהוֹן גוֹאַלְקָן וּמַלִּיאוּ יָתְהוֹן מִן פְּרִידָא דִּי עַל סְפַר פְּרָת וּטְעָן יָתְהוֹן עַל צַוְורֵיהוֹן וּבֵי הִיא זִימְנָא לָעֵינָא וְלָא הֲוַת נְיָחָא לָנָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

To our very necks we are pursued; we labour, and have no rest.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:LAM:136.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.5.5/