Lamentations 5:8 אֵיכָה
Who acts: Servants, none · What happens: rule, be, deliver · To what, where: us, hand
This is Lamentations 5:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Servants, none — and what happens in the verse to us, hand, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
עֲבָדִים֙ מָ֣שְׁלוּ בָ֔נוּ פֹּרֵ֖ק אֵ֥ין מִיָּדָֽם׃
Servants rule over us; there is none to deliver us out of their hand.
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | עֲבָדִים֙ | עֶבֶד | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 2 מָ֣שְׁלוּ | nsubj | slaves |
| 2 | מָ֣שְׁלוּ | מָשַׁל | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3 | root | root | they have ruled |
| 3 | ב | בְּ | ADP | _ | 4 ָ֔נוּ | case | over |
| 4 | ָ֔נוּ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 2 מָ֣שְׁלוּ | obl | us |
| 5 | פֹּרֵ֖ק | פָּרַק | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing | 6 אֵ֥ין | nsubj | [one who] tears away |
| 6 | אֵ֥ין | אַיִן | ADV | _ | 2 מָ֣שְׁלוּ | parataxis | there [is] not |
| 7 | מִ | מִן | ADP | _ | 8 יָּד | case | from |
| 8 | יָּד | יָד | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 פֹּרֵ֖ק | obl | hand |
| 9 | ָֽם | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 יָּד | nmod:poss | their |
| 10 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 9 ָֽם | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- yes
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| not מָשְׁלוּ they have ruled | qatal · qal | עֲבָדִים slaves | |||
| פֹּרֵק [one who] tears away | participle active · qal |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
The Targum
בְּנוֹי דְחָם דְאִתְיְהִיבוּ עַבְדִין לִבְנוֹי דְשֵׁם אִינוּן שַׁלִּיטוּ בָּנָא פָרִיק לֵית מִיֶּדְהוֹן:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:LAM:139.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.5.8/