Lamentations 5:7 אֵיכָה
Who acts: fathers, we · What happens: sin, bear · To what, where: iniquities
This is Lamentations 5:7 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — fathers, we — and what happens in the verse to iniquities, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
אֲבֹתֵ֤ינוּ חָֽטְאוּ֙ וְאֵינָ֔ם וַאֲנַ֖חְנוּ עֲוֺנֹתֵיהֶ֥ם סָבָֽלְנוּ׃
Our fathers have sinned, and are not; and we have borne their iniquities.
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | אֲבֹתֵ֤י | אָב | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 3 חָֽטְאוּ֙ | nsubj | ancestors |
| 2 | נוּ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 1 אֲבֹתֵ֤י | nmod:poss | our |
| 3 | חָֽטְאוּ֙ | חָטָא | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3 | root | root | they sinned |
| 4 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 5 אֵינ | cc | and |
| 5 | אֵינ | אַיִן | ADV | _ | 3 חָֽטְאוּ֙ | conj | they [are] |
| 6 | ָ֔ם | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 אֵינ | nsubj | not |
| 7 | וַ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 11 סָבָֽלְנוּ | cc | and |
| 8 | אֲנַ֖חְנוּ | אֲנַחְנוּ | PRON | Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 11 סָבָֽלְנוּ | nsubj | we |
| 9 | עֲוֺנֹתֵי | עָוֺן | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 סָבָֽלְנוּ | obj | iniquities |
| 10 | הֶ֥ם | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 עֲוֺנֹתֵי | nmod:poss | their |
| 11 | סָבָֽלְנוּ | סָבַל | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1 | 3 חָֽטְאוּ֙ | conj | we have carried |
| 12 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 11 סָבָֽלְנוּ | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- yes
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| not חָֽטְאוּ they sinned | qatal · qal | אֲבֹתֵי ancestors | |||
| סָבָֽלְנוּ we have carried | qatal · qal | אֲנַחְנוּ we | עֲוֺנֹתֵי iniquities |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
The Targum
אַבְהָתָנָא חָבוּ וְלֵיתְהוֹן בְּעַלְמָא וְנַחְנָא בַתְרֵיהוֹן עִוְיַיתְהוֹן סוֹבַרְנָא:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:LAM:138.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.5.7/