Nehemiah 1:4 נְחֶמְיָה

Who acts: remnant, I · What happens: come, pass, hear, sit down, weep, mourn · To what, where: words

This is Nehemiah 1:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — remnant, I — and what happens in the verse to words, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 13 chapters of Nehemiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיְהִ֞י כְּשָׁמְעִ֣י ׀ אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֗לֶּה יָשַׁ֙בְתִּי֙ וָֽאֶבְכֶּ֔ה וָאֶתְאַבְּלָ֖ה יָמִ֑ים וָֽאֱהִ֥י צָם֙ וּמִתְפַּלֵּ֔ל לִפְנֵ֖י אֱלֹהֵ֥י הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃

And it came to pass, when I heard these words, that I sat down and wept, and mourned certain days; and I fasted and prayed before the God of heaven,

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יְהִ֞י	cc	and
2	יְהִ֞י	הָיָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it was
3	כְּ	כְּ	ADP	_	4 שָׁמְע	case	just
4	שָׁמְע	שָׁמַע	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	2 יְהִ֞י	advcl	as
5	ִ֣י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 שָׁמְע	nsubj	I heard
6	׀	׀	PUNCT	_	5 ִ֣י	punct
7	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	9 דְּבָרִ֣ים	case	(et)
8	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	9 דְּבָרִ֣ים	det	the
9	דְּבָרִ֣ים	דָּבָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	4 שָׁמְע	obj	words
10	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	11 אֵ֗לֶּה	det	(the)
11	אֵ֗לֶּה	אֵלֶּה	DET	Gender=Com Number=Plur PronType=Dem	9 דְּבָרִ֣ים	det	these
12	יָשַׁ֙בְתִּי֙	יָשַׁב	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	2 יְהִ֞י	parataxis	I sat down
13	וָֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	14 אֶבְכֶּ֔ה	cc	and
14	אֶבְכֶּ֔ה	בָּכָה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	2 יְהִ֞י	conj	I wept
15	וָ	וְ	CCONJ	_	16 אֶתְאַבְּל	cc	and
16	אֶתְאַבְּל	אָבַל	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HITHPAEL Number=Sing Person=1	2 יְהִ֞י	conj	I
17	ָ֖ה	ה	X	_	16 אֶתְאַבְּל	nmod	mourned
18	יָמִ֑ים	יוֹם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	16 אֶתְאַבְּל	obl	days
19	וָֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	21 צָם֙	cc	and
20	אֱהִ֥י	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	21 צָם֙	cop	I was
21	צָם֙	צוּם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	2 יְהִ֞י	conj	fasting
22	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	23 מִתְפַּלֵּ֔ל	cc	and
23	מִתְפַּלֵּ֔ל	פָּלַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HITHPAEL Number=Sing	21 צָם֙	conj	praying
24	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	25 פְנֵ֖י	case	before
25	פְנֵ֖י	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 צָם֙	obl
26	אֱלֹהֵ֥י	אֱלֹהִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	25 פְנֵ֖י	compound:smixut	the God
27	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	28 שָּׁמָֽיִם	det	of
28	שָּׁמָֽיִם	שָׁמַיִם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	26 אֱלֹהֵ֥י	compound:smixut	the heavens
29	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	28 שָּׁמָֽיִם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
שָׁמְע as	infinitive construct · qal	ִי I heard	דְּבָרִים words
יָשַׁבְתִּי I sat down	qatal · qal
אֶבְכֶּה I wept	wayyiqtol · qal
אֶתְאַבְּל I	wayyiqtol · hithpael
אֱהִי I was	wayyiqtol · qal
צָם fasting	participle active · qal
מִתְפַּלֵּל praying	participle active · hithpael

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And it came to pass, when I heard these words, that I sat down and wept, and mourned certain days; and I fasted and prayed before the God of heaven,

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:NEH:3.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.1.4/