Proverbs 28:15 מִשְׁלֵי
What happens: be · To what, where: wicked ruler
This is Proverbs 28:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: what happens in the verse to wicked ruler, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of Proverbs on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
אֲרִי־נֹ֭הֵם וְדֹ֣ב שׁוֹקֵ֑ק מֹשֵׁ֥ל רָ֝שָׁ֗ע עַ֣ל עַם־דָּֽל׃
As a roaring lion, and a ravenous bear; so is a wicked ruler over a poor people.
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | אֲרִי־ | אֲרִי | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | root | root | [is] a lion |
| 2 | נֹ֭הֵם | נָהַם | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing | 1 אֲרִי־ | nmod | roaring |
| 3 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 4 דֹ֣ב | cc | and |
| 4 | דֹ֣ב | דֹּב | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 1 אֲרִי־ | conj | a bear |
| 5 | שׁוֹקֵ֑ק | שָׁקַק | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing | 4 דֹ֣ב | nmod | rushing |
| 6 | מֹשֵׁ֥ל | מָשַׁל | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing | 1 אֲרִי־ | nsubj | a ruler |
| 7 | רָ֝שָׁ֗ע | רָשָׁע | ADJ | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 6 מֹשֵׁ֥ל | amod | wicked |
| 8 | עַ֣ל | עַל | ADP | _ | 9 עַם־ | case | over |
| 9 | עַם־ | עַם | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 6 מֹשֵׁ֥ל | nmod | a people |
| 10 | דָּֽל | דַּל | ADJ | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 9 עַם־ | amod | poor |
| 11 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 10 דָּֽל | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- speech
- narration
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| נֹהֵם roaring | participle active · qal | אֲרִי־ [is] a lion | |||
| שׁוֹקֵק rushing | participle active · qal | דֹב a bear |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
The Targum
אַרְיָא נָהֵם וְדוּבָא מַצְרִיחַ עַל רַשִׁיעָא דְמִשְׁתְּלִיט עַל עַמָא מִסְכְּנָא:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:PRO:810.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.28.15/