Proverbs 28:18 מִשְׁלֵי
Who acts: man · What happens: walk, save, be, fall · To what, where: Whoso, ways
This is Proverbs 28:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — man — and what happens in the verse to Whoso, ways, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of Proverbs on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
הוֹלֵ֣ךְ תָּ֭מִים יִוָּשֵׁ֑עַ וְנֶעְקַ֥שׁ דְּ֝רָכַ֗יִם יִפּ֥וֹל בְּאֶחָֽת׃
Whoso walketh uprightly shall be saved; but he that is perverse in his ways shall fall at once.
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | הוֹלֵ֣ךְ | הָלַךְ | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing | 3 יִוָּשֵׁ֑עַ | nsubj | [one who] walks |
| 2 | תָּ֭מִים | תָּמִים | ADJ | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 1 הוֹלֵ֣ךְ | advmod | blameless |
| 3 | יִוָּשֵׁ֑עַ | יָשַׁע | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3 | root | root | he will be delivered |
| 4 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 7 יִפּ֥וֹל | cc | and |
| 5 | נֶעְקַ֥שׁ | עָקַשׁ | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing | 7 יִפּ֥וֹל | nsubj | [one who is] crooked |
| 6 | דְּ֝רָכַ֗יִם | דֶּרֶךְ | NOUN | Number=Dual | 5 נֶעְקַ֥שׁ | compound:smixut | of two ways |
| 7 | יִפּ֥וֹל | נָפַל | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 3 יִוָּשֵׁ֑עַ | conj | he will fall |
| 8 | בְּ | בְּ | ADP | _ | 9 אֶחָֽת | case | at |
| 9 | אֶחָֽת | אֶחָד | NUM | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 7 יִפּ֥וֹל | obl | one |
| 10 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 9 אֶחָֽת | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| יִוָּשֵׁעַ he will be delivered | yiqtol · niphal | הוֹלֵךְ [one who] walks | |||
| יִפּוֹל he will fall | yiqtol · qal | נֶעְקַשׁ [one who is] crooked |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
The Targum
דִמְהַלֵךְ בִּתְמִימוּתָא נִתְפְּרֵק וְדִמְעַקְמָן אָרְחָתֵיהּ נִפּוּל בַּחֲדָא:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:PRO:813.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.28.18/