Psalms 105:28 תְּהִלִּים

Who acts: Jacob, darkness, Moses · What happens: send, be, not rebel, word · To what, where: darkness

This is Psalms 105:28 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Jacob, darkness, Moses — and what happens in the verse to darkness, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 150 chapters of Psalms on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

שָׁ֣לַֽח חֹ֭שֶׁךְ וַיַּחְשִׁ֑ךְ וְלֹֽא־מָ֝ר֗וּ אֶת־דְּבָרֽוֹ׃

He sent darkness, and it was dark; and they rebelled not against His word.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	שָׁ֣לַֽח	שָׁלַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he sent
2	חֹ֭שֶׁךְ	חֹשֶׁךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	1 שָׁ֣לַֽח	obj	darkness
3	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	4 יַּחְשִׁ֑ךְ	cc	and
4	יַּחְשִׁ֑ךְ	חָשַׁךְ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	1 שָׁ֣לַֽח	conj	he made dark
5	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	7 מָ֝ר֗וּ	cc	and
6	לֹֽא־	לֹא	ADV	_	7 מָ֝ר֗וּ	advmod	not
7	מָ֝ר֗וּ	מָרָה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	1 שָׁ֣לַֽח	conj	they rebelled against
8	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	9 דְּבָר	case	(et)
9	דְּבָר	דָּבָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	7 מָ֝ר֗וּ	obj	word
10	ֽוֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 דְּבָר	nmod:poss	his
11	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	10 ֽוֹ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	what, whom (A1)
שָׁלַֽח he sent	qatal · qal	חֹשֶׁךְ darkness
יַּחְשִׁךְ he made dark	wayyiqtol · hiphil
not מָרוּ they rebelled against	qatal · qal	דְּבָר word

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

The Targum

שַׁדַר חֲשׁוֹכָא וְחַשְׁכִינוּן וְלָא סָרִיבוּ עַל פִּתְגָמֵיהּ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

He sent darkness, and it was dark; and they rebelled not against His word.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:PSA:1757.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.105.28/