Psalms 23:4 תְּהִלִּים
Who acts: I, Thou, rod · What happens: walk, fear, be, comfort, shadow · To what, where: valley, evil, me, death
This is Psalms 23:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, Thou, rod — and what happens in the verse to valley, evil, me, death, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 150 chapters of Psalms on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
גַּ֤ם כִּֽי־אֵלֵ֨ךְ בְּגֵ֪יא צַלְמָ֡וֶת לֹא־אִ֘ירָ֤א רָ֗ע כִּי־אַתָּ֥ה עִמָּדִ֑י שִׁבְטְךָ֥ וּ֝מִשְׁעַנְתֶּ֗ךָ הֵ֣מָּה יְנַֽחֲמֻֽנִי׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | גַּ֤ם | גַּם | ADV | _ | 3 אֵלֵ֨ךְ | advmod | also |
| 2 | כִּֽי־ | כִּי | SCONJ | _ | 3 אֵלֵ֨ךְ | mark | (dm) |
| 3 | אֵלֵ֨ךְ | הלך | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1 | root | root | I will go |
| 4 | בְּ | בְּ | ADP | _ | 5 גֵ֪יא | case | in |
| 5 | גֵ֪יא | גַּיְא | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 אֵלֵ֨ךְ | obl | a valley |
| 6 | צַלְמָ֡וֶת | צַלְמָוֶת | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 5 גֵ֪יא | compound:smixut | of deep darkness |
| 7 | לֹא־ | לֹא | ADV | _ | 8 אִ֘ירָ֤א | advmod | not |
| 8 | אִ֘ירָ֤א | יָרֵא | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1 | 3 אֵלֵ֨ךְ | parataxis | I will fear |
| 9 | רָ֗ע | רַע | ADJ | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 8 אִ֘ירָ֤א | obj | harm |
| 10 | כִּי־ | כִּי | SCONJ | _ | 12 עִמָּד | mark | (dm) |
| 11 | אַתָּ֥ה | אַתָּה | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs | 12 עִמָּד | nsubj | you |
| 12 | עִמָּד | עִמָּד | NOUN | _ | 3 אֵלֵ֨ךְ | advcl | [are] with |
| 13 | ִ֑י | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 12 עִמָּד | nmod:poss | me |
| 14 | שִׁבְט | שֵׁבֶט | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 20 יְנַֽחֲמֻֽ | dislocated | rod |
| 15 | ְךָ֥ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs | 14 שִׁבְט | nmod:poss | your |
| 16 | וּ֝ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 17 מִשְׁעַנְתּ | cc | and |
| 17 | מִשְׁעַנְתּ | מִשְׁעֶנֶת | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 14 שִׁבְט | conj | staff |
| 18 | ֶ֗ךָ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs | 17 מִשְׁעַנְתּ | nmod:poss | your |
| 19 | הֵ֣מָּה | הֵמָּה | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 יְנַֽחֲמֻֽ | nsubj | they |
| 20 | יְנַֽחֲמֻֽ | נָחַם | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Plur Person=3 | 3 אֵלֵ֨ךְ | parataxis | they |
| 21 | נִי | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 20 יְנַֽחֲמֻֽ | obj | comfort me |
| 22 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 21 נִי | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- promise
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- yes
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| אֵלֵךְ I will go | yiqtol · qal | ||||
| not אִירָא I will fear | yiqtol · qal | רָע harm | |||
| יְנַֽחֲמֻֽ they | yiqtol · piel | הֵמָּה they | נִי comfort me |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
The Targum
בְּרַם כַּד אֵזֵל בְּגָלוּתָא בְּמֵישַׁר טוּלָא דְמוֹתָא לָא אֶדְחַל מִבִּישְׁתָּא מְטוּל דְמֵימְרָךְ בְּסַעֲדִי תִּנְדָךְ תְּרִיצָא וְאוֹרַיְיתָךְ הִנוּן יְנַחְמוּנַנִי:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:PSA:312.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.23.4/