Psalms 42:4 תְּהִלִּים

Who acts: tears · What happens: be, say · To what, where: food day, God · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Psalms 42:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — tears — and what happens in the verse to food day, God, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 150 chapters of Psalms on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

הָֽיְתָה־לִּ֬י דִמְעָתִ֣י לֶ֭חֶם יוֹמָ֣ם וָלָ֑יְלָה בֶּאֱמֹ֥ר אֵלַ֥י כָּל־הַ֝יּ֗וֹם אַיֵּ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃

My tears have been my food day and night, while they say unto me all the day: 'Where is Thy God?'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	הָֽיְתָה־	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	6 לֶ֭חֶם	cop	it has been
2	לּ	לְ	ADP	_	3 ִ֬י	case
3	ִ֬י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	6 לֶ֭חֶם	obl	my
4	דִמְעָת	דִּמְעָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	6 לֶ֭חֶם	nsubj	tear[s]
5	ִ֣י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 דִמְעָת	nmod:poss	my
6	לֶ֭חֶם	לֶחֶם	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root	food
7	יוֹמָ֣ם	יוֹמָם	ADV	_	6 לֶ֭חֶם	advmod	by day
8	וָ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 לָ֑יְלָה	cc	and
9	לָ֑יְלָה	לַיְלָה	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	7 יוֹמָ֣ם	conj	night
10	בֶּ	בְּ	ADP	_	11 אֱמֹ֥ר	case	when
11	אֱמֹ֥ר	אָמַר	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	6 לֶ֭חֶם	advcl	say
12	אֵל	אֶל	ADP	_	13 ַ֥י	case	to
13	ַ֥י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	11 אֱמֹ֥ר	obl	me
14	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 אֱמֹ֥ר	obl	all
15	הַ֝	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	16 יּ֗וֹם	det	the
16	יּ֗וֹם	יוֹם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 כָּל־	compound:smixut	day
17	אַיֵּ֥ה	אַיֵּה	PART	_	11 אֱמֹ֥ר	ccomp	where?
18	אֱלֹהֶֽי	אֱלֹהִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	17 אַיֵּ֥ה	nsubj	God
19	ךָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	18 אֱלֹהֶֽי	nmod:poss	[is] your
20	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	19 ךָ	punct

Pragmatics

form: wh-question
act: ask
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · assert · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
הָֽיְתָה־ it has been	qatal · qal	דִמְעָת tear[s]
אֱמֹר say	infinitive construct · qal		אַיֵּה where?

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

The Targum

הֲוָת לִי דִמְעָתִי לְמִבְרֵי יֵימָם וְלֵילֵי בִּדְיֵימָר לִי סָנְאָה כָּל יוֹמָא אָן הוּא אֱלָהָךְ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

My tears have been my food day and night, while they say unto me all the day: 'Where is Thy God?'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:PSA:640.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.42.4/