Psalms 44:20 תְּהִלִּים
Who acts: Thou · What happens: crush, cover, shadow · To what, where: us, place, death
This is Psalms 44:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Thou — and what happens in the verse to us, place, death, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 150 chapters of Psalms on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
כִּ֣י דִ֭כִּיתָנוּ בִּמְק֣וֹם תַּנִּ֑ים וַתְּכַ֖ס עָלֵ֣ינוּ בְצַלְמָֽוֶת׃
Though Thou hast crushed us into a place of jackals, and covered us with the shadow of death.
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | כִּ֣י | כִּי | SCONJ | _ | 2 דִ֭כִּיתָ | mark | (dm) |
| 2 | דִ֭כִּיתָ | דָּכָה | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=2 | root | root | you |
| 3 | נוּ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 2 דִ֭כִּיתָ | obj | have crushed us |
| 4 | בִּ | בְּ | ADP | _ | 5 מְק֣וֹם | case | in |
| 5 | מְק֣וֹם | מָקוֹם | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 2 דִ֭כִּיתָ | obl | a place |
| 6 | תַּנִּ֑ים | תַּן | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 5 מְק֣וֹם | compound:smixut | of jackals |
| 7 | וַ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 8 תְּכַ֖ס | cc | and |
| 8 | תְּכַ֖ס | כָּסָה | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=2 | 2 דִ֭כִּיתָ | conj | you have covered |
| 9 | עָלֵ֣י | עַל | ADP | _ | 10 נוּ | case | over |
| 10 | נוּ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 8 תְּכַ֖ס | obl | us |
| 11 | בְ | בְּ | ADP | _ | 12 צַלְמָֽוֶת | case | with |
| 12 | צַלְמָֽוֶת | צַלְמָוֶת | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 8 תְּכַ֖ס | obl | deep darkness |
| 13 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 12 צַלְמָֽוֶת | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| דִכִּיתָ you | qatal · piel | נוּ have crushed us | |||
| תְּכַס you have covered | wayyiqtol · piel |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
The Targum
אֲרוֹם אַמַכְתָּנָא בַּאֲתַר יְרוּדִין וַחֲפִיתָא עֲלָנָא בְטוּלָא דְמוֹתָא:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:PSA:673.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.44.20/