Psalms 44:20 · JPS 1917
Though Thou hast crushed us into a place of jackals, and covered us with the shadow of death.
Who acts: Thou · What happens: crush, cover, shadow · To what, where: us, place, death
This is Psalms 44:20 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Though | though | SCONJ | _ | 4 crushed | mark |
| 2 | Thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 4 crushed | nsubj |
| 3 | hast | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 crushed | aux |
| 4 | crushed | crush | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 5 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 crushed | obj |
| 6 | into | into | ADP | _ | 8 place | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 place | det |
| 8 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 crushed | obl |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 jackals | case |
| 10 | jackals | jackal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 place | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 covered | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 covered | cc |
| 13 | covered | cover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 crushed | conj |
| 14 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 13 covered | obj |
| 15 | with | with | ADP | _ | 17 shadow | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 shadow | det |
| 17 | shadow | shadow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 covered | obl |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 death | case |
| 19 | death | death | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 shadow | nmod |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 crushed | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | crush | present · perfect | Thou | us | into a place of jackals result | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent we=Patient into place=Result | |||
| 2 | cover | past | Thou not said here | us | with the shadow of death | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent we=Destination with shadow=Theme | |||
| 3 | shadow | death | nom shadow «state transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
כִּ֣י דִ֭כִּיתָנוּ בִּמְק֣וֹם תַּנִּ֑ים וַתְּכַ֖ס עָלֵ֣ינוּ בְצַלְמָֽוֶת׃
Psalms 44:20: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:PSA:730 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.730/