Psalms 64:4 תְּהִלִּים
What happens: whet, aim · To what, where: tongue, arrow
This is Psalms 64:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: what happens in the verse to tongue, arrow, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 150 chapters of Psalms on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
אֲשֶׁ֤ר שָׁנְנ֣וּ כַחֶ֣רֶב לְשׁוֹנָ֑ם דָּרְכ֥וּ חִ֝צָּ֗ם דָּבָ֥ר מָֽר׃
Who have whet their tongue like a sword, and have aimed their arrow, a poisoned word;
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | אֲשֶׁ֤ר | אֲשֶׁר | SCONJ | _ | 2 שָׁנְנ֣וּ | mark | who |
| 2 | שָׁנְנ֣וּ | שָׁנַן | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3 | root | root | they sharpen |
| 3 | כַ | כְּ | ADP | _ | 5 חֶ֣רֶב | case | like |
| 4 | ה | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 5 חֶ֣רֶב | det | (the) |
| 5 | חֶ֣רֶב | חֶרֶב | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 2 שָׁנְנ֣וּ | obl | sword |
| 6 | לְשׁוֹנ | לָשׁוֹן | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 שָׁנְנ֣וּ | obj | tongue |
| 7 | ָ֑ם | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 לְשׁוֹנ | nmod:poss | their |
| 8 | דָּרְכ֥וּ | דָּרַךְ | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3 | 2 שָׁנְנ֣וּ | parataxis | they bend |
| 9 | חִ֝צּ | חֵץ | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 8 דָּרְכ֥וּ | obj | arrow |
| 10 | ָ֗ם | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 חִ֝צּ | nmod:poss | their |
| 11 | דָּבָ֥ר | דָּבָר | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 9 חִ֝צּ | appos | a word |
| 12 | מָֽר | מַר | ADJ | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 11 דָּבָ֥ר | amod | bitter |
| 13 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 12 מָֽר | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- speech
- narration
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| שָׁנְנוּ they sharpen | qatal · qal | לְשׁוֹנ tongue | |||
| דָּרְכוּ they bend | qatal · qal | חִצּ arrow |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
The Targum
דִי שְׁנִינוּ הֵיךְ סַיְפָא לִישָׁנְהוֹן נְגַדוּ קַשְׁתְּהוֹן מְשַׁחוּ גִרְרֵיהוֹן סַמָא דִקְטוֹל וּמְרִיר:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:PSA:959.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.64.4/